Teen suicide 2 Essay Example For Students

Teenager self destruction 2 Essay Teenager Suicide A young person remains in a dry and forsaken enclosure with what is left of his dads once eminent group of sheep. He holds the rifle used to execute the rest of the sheep. He thinks about all the weight on his family and the consistent prodding at school. He raises the weapon and without intuition discharge. At the point when his dad finds the youthful keeps an eye on body soon thereafter, he is shocked. The rancher contemplates internally, why didnt I know this was how he felt and for what reason did he murder himself? The profound sadness felt by adolescents who frequently end their own life is a stressing pattern in both country and urban youth. For a considerable length of time self destruction has been a dangerous executioner to youngsters. Youngster Suicide is the third driving reason for death for young people close to mishaps and wrongdoing. Over 25% of teenagers consider taking their lives. Most as of late, teenager self destruction has the regard that it merits. More than 5,000 young people will bite the dust this year as a result of the idea that it is extremely unlikely out of their issues. In 1960, just 1,500 teenagers took there life. In light of this sensational increment researchers have spent numerous years considering approaches to forestall this horrendous, frightful demise. In spite of this expanded self destruction rate, despondency in this age bunch is extraordinarily under-analyzed. Anybody can be a casualty of high schooler self destruction, regardless of whether it be the star quarterback or the class mind. Youthful guys are multiple times bound to take than life than females. The main ways for female young person to end it all is tranquilize overdose or cutting of the wrists. Guys, then again, utilize the hanging or bouncing strategy. The utilization of guns are equivalent among the sexual orientations. Numerous individuals accept that downturn is legitimately connected with adolescent self destruction. Despondency is a genuine mental issue wherein an individual endures long times of bitterness and other negative sentiments. In this way it goes to no shock to find that youthful gloom is firmly connected to adolescent self destruction. Earthy colored (1996) has said the motivation behind why gloom is frequently over glanced in kids and young people is on the grounds that youngsters are not generally ready to communicate how they feel. Once in a while the indications of disposition issue take on various structures in youngsters than in grown-ups. Youth is a period of enthusiastic unrest, mind-set swings, miserable musings, and uplifted affectability. It is a period of defiance and experimentation. Blackman (1996) saw that the test is to recognize burdensome symptomatology which might be superimposed on the background of a progressively transient, however anticipated, formative tempest. Shaun Lukes, a scientist into youth self destruction, locales wandering off in fantasy land, acting as the class comedian, hyperactivity and the abrupt aversion of school as well as a sensational fall in school execution as pointers to expected self-destructive conduct. The fundamental hazard factors in self destruction endeavors are overwhelming liquor utilization; misery; Aboriginality; past endeavored self destruction endeavors; huge fall out seeing someone ongoing months (a high hazard factor). These variables can be perceived and followed up on, either with guiding from the family specialist or by access to one of the many assist lines with running by expert care groups. With help from family and expert treatment, youngsters and young people who are self-destructive can mend and come back to an increasingly sound way of advancement. Giving them that their life is of incentive to you might be all they have to forestall them turning into a measurement in the adventure of raising youth self destruction. .

Connection Between School Culture and Leadership Styles :: Leadership

There is an association between school culture and administration styles. The writing survey will likewise address the two essential classes of administration. As indicated by Cox (2001), there are two essential classifications of administration which are value-based and transformational. The accompanying researchers (Barnett, McCormick and Conners, 2001) made the differentiation among value-based and transformational administration. James McGregor Burns’ (1998) presents Burns the contrast between common (value-based) and phenomenal (transformational) pioneers. As indicated by James McGregor Burns’ (1998) value-based pioneers traded unmistakable awards for the work and steadfastness of devotees, and (transformational) pioneers are the ones who drew in with supporters. Moreover, the concentrated on higher request inborn needs, and raised cognizance about the noteworthiness of explicit results. (Bernard Bass, 2003) presents the origination of value-based and transformational initiative. He expresses that they are independent ideas and that great heads exhibit attributes of both. Bass (1990b, p. 21) expresses that Transformational initiative cultivates limit advancement and brings more elevated levels of individual duty among adherents. Be that as it may, transformational authority happens when pioneers expand and hoist the interests of their representatives. (Kelly, 2003; Yukl, 1989) attests that Transformational pioneers hoist individuals from low degrees of need. Transformational pioneers are said to make trust, adoration, dependability and regard among their devotees (Barbuto, 2005, p. 28). (Rice, 1993) confirms that Transformational administration is likewise founded on self-intelligent changing of qualities and convictions by the pioneer and their adherents. From this rises a key trait of transformational administration. As per Gronn (1996) the writing in instructive authority offers no single origination of the procedures that comprise transformational administration. Gronn (1996) makes accentuation on the cozy connection among charming and transformational administration. He call attention to the nonattendance of thoughts of magnetism in some work transformational administration. (Leithwood and Jantzi, 2000) present the four fundamental factors that make up transformational authority while. They present the four primary variables which are: 1.) Idealized impact, 2.) Inspirational inspiration, 3.) Intellectual incitement, 4.) Individualized thought. The Additive Effect of Transformational Leadership underpins these four primary variables Hall, Johnson, Wysocki and Kepner (2002, p. 2). It will critical to assess the four fundamental components and the impact they can have when managing the subject of conversation which is the job of the chief in forming school culture.

Why Grad Schools Require Your Undergraduate Transcript

Why Grad Schools Require Your Undergraduate Transcript Its simple to become involved with the alumni confirmations process. Candidates to graduate school are regularly (and appropriately) overpowered by the most testing pieces of the procedure, such as moving toward staff for proposal letters and making confirmations expositions. Nonetheless, the easily overlooked details like school transcripts likewise matter in your doctoral level college application. No entrance advisory board will acknowledge a deficient alumni application. A late or missing transcript may appear to be an idiotic motivation to get a dismissal letter, yet it occurs. Shockingly, understudies with heavenly qualifications arent even considered by entrance advisory boards at their fantasy graduate projects as a result of aâ forgotten transcript or one that is lost in snail mail. Solicitation All Transcripts Your application isn't finished until the establishment gets your official transcript from the entirety of your undergrad organizations. That implies that you should send a transcript from each establishment that you have joined in, regardless of whether you didn't win a degree.â Official Transcripts Are Sent by Colleges Dont even consider sending an informal transcript or a print out of your school record instead of a transcript. An official transcript is sent legitimately from your undergrad school or college to the school(s) to which you’re applying and bears the school seal. On the off chance that you went to more than one establishment, you should demand an official transcript from every foundation you joined in. Indeed, this can get expensive. What Do Admissions Committees Look for in Transcripts? In analyzing your transcript, entrance advisory boards will think about the accompanying: Your general GPA and check of your genuine GPA contrasted with what you gave an account of your confirmations documentsQuality of the undergrad institutionBreadth of courseworkCoursework in your major: Your evaluations in your significant branch of knowledge and particularly in the upper division courses and inside the previous two yearsPatterns of execution and improvement in the event that you didn't have a solid beginning Solicitation Transcripts Early​Prevent incidents by arranging ahead. Request your transcripts from the recorders office early on the grounds that most workplaces take a couple of days, seven days, and here and there much more opportunity to process your solicitation. Likewise, get that on the off chance that you hold up until the finish of the Fall semester to demand transcripts they might be postponed as most workplaces close for these special seasons (some of the time taking an all-encompassing break). Spare yourself despondency and solicitation transcripts early. Also,â include a duplicate of your informal transcript with your application and a note that the official transcript has been mentioned so entrance advisory boards have something to audit until the official duplicate shows up. Just a few entrance advisory boards may survey an informal transcript and sit tight for the official form (this is particularly improbable in serious alumni programs), however its value a shot.

Motivational and Cognitive Sources of Prejudice

Asian female VIPs and Caucasian men, has gotten one of the most widely recognized interracial blending in America. The pattern is ascribed to inspirational and intellectual bias that a specific individual has towards their partner. Partiality radiates from a unique inclination for a specific individual because of race, nationality, economic wellbeing, or sexual direction. Such factors have alleviated Asian ladies to incline toward Caucasian men to their Asian male counterparts.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Motivational and Cognitive Sources of Prejudice explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, Caucasian men lean toward Asian females because of their profoundly appraised astuteness, great body physic and social intelligence. Likewise, Asian females are supposed to be agreeable in nature. Any individual who gets himself an objective of the culturally diverse dissatisfactions will shield himself as seeking after his preferences ins tead of guided by the ethnic generalizations. This developing pattern makes an irregularity in interracial blending and both the Asian and Caucasian men have communicated their failure. The Asian female and Caucasian male interracial blending wonder is credited to the persuasive wellsprings of partiality that exist among the gatherings in question. This reality is unmistakably explained in the disappointment and hostility, and the social character speculations. Moreover, dissatisfaction and animosity is additionally classified into the practical gathering strife hypothesis and the substitute hypothesis. The sensible gathering hypothesis is showed in the way that Caucasian men are striking back at the advanced woman's rights depicted by the Caucasian females. Most Caucasian men accept that their partners articulate for present day women's liberation, whose principle motivation is equivalent rights for ladies, and in the process wind up disparaging the guys. Starting and supporting of associations with the Caucasian females becomes intricate and awkward driving the Caucasian guys to fall back on Asian females who are progressively hopeful (Myers, 2010). Moreover, the Caucasian men who can't contain the manly job that the Caucasian ladies play seeing someone divert to ladies from other social foundations. They for the most part incline toward the Asian females. In such manner, Asian females get inclination on account of their alleged agreeable nature credited to the male predominance seeing someone from their societies. Prominently, such qualities advanced by convention and culture are viewed as socially in reverse and need an incentive in the American gauges. The substitute hypothesis clarifies a portion of the reasons that pressure Caucasian men to favor Asian females to the Caucasian females. Most Caucasian men with specific shortcomings in their character lean toward strength in relationship. In this way, people with such characters resort to Asian females wh ose culture advocates for accommodation in a relationship. With this choice, the Caucasian men can maintain a strategic distance from the accuse games that are common in relationship with ladies who advocate for the sexual orientation job equality.Advertising Looking for exposition on brain research? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Asian ladies in reality become a definitive option wherein Caucasian men can practice their animosity. Regardless of how the Asian females get presented to the American culture, their way of life despite everything infests not at all like others from various foundations. This has consequently considerably added to the quick increment in the Caucasian men’s’ inclination to the Asian ladies. The social character speculations suggest that people have social gatherings and classes that structure a significant part in their self-idea. The individual characters depicted by both the Caucas ians and the Asians mirror the requirement for gatherings, relationship with the in-gatherings and examination with the out-gatherings. A large portion of the youngsters who have a place with both the Caucasian and Asian foundation are affected by their partners to follow a similar way, contributing essentially to the pattern. Albeit various allegations may emerge that Caucasian men are exploiting the Asian ladies, their inclination is credited by the way that Asian ladies are more cultured. Then again, Asian women’s inclination for the Caucasian men is credited to their requirement for increasingly lenient and socially fit men. These ladies rapidly call attention to that the Asian men are confined by their smothering society, which compels them to choose men who are probably going to give them more opportunity. Taking into account that most connections are started at school levels, most Asian men are scholastically engaged and restrict themselves to the study hall work const raining the Asian ladies to go for Caucasian men. In spite of their splendor, they don't invest a lot of energy on learning basic aptitudes of building up and looking after connections (Gilbert, 1998). Disregarding the social qualities that interface individuals, the Asian men feel disposed of when the Asian ladies lean toward the Caucasian men to them. Asian ladies have built up a thought that their men are geeky and for the most part appropriate for the karate-slash activities. These philosophies are chiefly advanced by the media, which will in general give more kindness to the Caucasian men as speaking to the American principles. The magnificence of men as depicted by the media is spoken to as far as characters, for example, being savvy, athletic and social. Media because of its effect on individuals has enormously changed the craving for ladies to go for customary men, yet decide on men who fit the American principles. Such predisposition favors the Caucasian men in charming the Asian ladies. The certainty displayed by the Caucasian men makes them progressively alluring to ladies. A slow decrease in the quantity of Asian ladies dating Asian men makes a lopsidedness since hardly any Caucasian ladies go for Asian men. Asian guys are distraught in such manner and are commonly seen as ugly to suit the ladies requests. Because of the ceaseless appearance of Asian ladies at the center of attention as speaking to the American magnificence, the biases that at first existed concerning them are presently being disposed of. This has impacted their inclination among Caucasian men not at all like the Caucasian ladies who are more independent.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Motivational and Cognitive Sources of Prejudice explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Attribution, uniqueness and categorisation are the psychological wellspring of preference. Categorisation is common and has considerable effect on the Caucasian male and Asia n ladies interracial pairings. With the view of the Caucasian men as being indulgent, grateful and aware, they are progressively good for the Asian ladies contrasted with their rivals, the Asian men. The rating of the Caucasian men by the Caucasian ladies as proper admirers and accomplices makes an attitude among ladies that they are the perfect men for connections. Most Caucasian men discover Asian ladies reasonable due to the way that the free Caucasian ladies are generally shy of time, distracted and not enthusiastic seeing someone (Baron, 2000). In such manner, the broke down impression of the allure of the Caucasian men and Asian ladies relationship makes an origination that different associations are not successful. To keep away from the reasonable frustrations in different associations the vast majority pick the tried examples. Homogeneity impact assumes an essential job in the blending of the Caucasian men and Asian females. At the end of the day the recognition held by ladi es that every single Asian man are indistinguishable makes a disparity in the development of relationship. Steady loss alludes to the stereotypic belief systems held by individuals that what happens is legitimate. For most Caucasian men, there is a thought that Asian ladies are perfect for them and hence a greater part of them go for these ladies. Asian ladies then again see the attributes of the Asian men as void and powerless in shaping steady and pleasant connections. Peculiarity attitude among the Caucasian men makes consideration and structures improper judgment of the reasonable accomplices that they ought to have. On a huge degree, it has encouraged predisposition in the formation of perfect and fitting connections. Moreover, both the Asian men and Caucasian ladies have likewise agreed the pattern and communicated dissatisfactions and pity for the gatherings in question. References Baron, R. A., Byrne, D. E. (2000). Social brain research (ninth ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.A dvertising Searching for article on brain research? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Gilbert, D. T., Fiske, S. T., Lindzey, G. (1998). The handbook of social brain research (fourth ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill ; Myers, D. G. (2010). Social brain science (tenth ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. This paper on Motivational and Cognitive Sources of Prejudice was composed and put together by client Ignacio Grant to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Tattoos, Body Piercings, and Other Body Modifications Essay -- body mo

â€Å"The hues and pictures we apply to our skin impart our qualities and desires just as our expectations and individual accounts. In any event, when we receive the â€Å"natural look† and don't enhance our skin by any stretch of the imagination, we are offering a social expression. Our skin talks in any event, when we don't; it's anything but an unbiased canvas.† (Jablonski, 164) We as a species are fixated on our appearance and are similarly distracted with adjusting it to our own differed wants. Every individual needs nothing not as much as flawlessness, however every ha a one of a kind thought of what that implies. Each individual on the planet participates in some type of body adjustment to accomplish the look that they can relate to and feel is their own. From makeup to corrective medical procedure, a pierced ear to a facial embed, hair styling to tattoos, and everything in the middle of, modifying our bodies is a piece of our lifestyle. Body painting was likely the primary manner by which the human creature decorated itself and endeavored to communicate its individual status among the species. Some time before the apparatuses were designed required in the creation of attire; ancient primates actualized adornment of the physical structure by spreading regular colors, for example, hematite, limonite, manganese, and debris, just as, chalk and charcoal. Scarification through marking as a restorative body change likely started in the good 'ol days after the innovation of fire and has been carried on in different manners and by different societies into the current day. Different types of body adjustment including assorted sorts of penetrating and circumcision are leftovers of the way of life from the old world. Inking and conscious scarification became different methods of individual articulation at an early stage in ancient times, perhaps at the same time before designed apparel. It is co... ...TE/SITE OFFICIEL D'ORLAN. ORLAN OFFICIAL WEBSITE SITE OFFICIEL DORLAN RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2013. . Surge, John A.. Otherworldly tattoo: a social history of inking, puncturing, scarification, marking, and embeds. Berkeley, Calif.: Frog :, 2005. Print. Second Life with Autism. YouTube. YouTube, 30 Aug. 2007. Web. 20 Dec. 2013. . Taylor, Mark C.. Covering up. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997. Print. Wegenstein, Bernadette. The restorative look: body adjustment and the development of excellence. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2012. Print. present day. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2013. . innovation. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2013. .

No finance background No problem, says Sadia Afreen, about her renewable energy course COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

No finance background No problem, says Sadia Afreen, about her renewable energy course COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The course I most enjoyed in my SIPA career is INAF U6326:  Renewable Energy Project Finance Modeling. It is a 1.5 credit course and an Energy and Environment elective, usually offered during the spring semester and is taught by Daniel Gross. Professor Gross has extensive experience in the renewable and clean energy financing space, working previously for companies like Goldman Sachs and GE Capital. He is currently the Managing Director at Pegasus Capital Advisors, which is a private equity fund manager with $1.8 billion in asset under management. With all the expertise that Prof. Gross brings to the table, he has also designed the course in such a way where students get to learn the theoretical and practical aspects of project finance that are niche subject area and very specific to renewable energy projects. The course can be broken down into two main categories and both are tackled during the semester simultaneously and one builds on the other. On the one hand, we reviewed and analyzed different contracts between stakeholders involved in the financing, operations, construction and other aspects of the project. We use the information and assumptions extracted from these to build the financial model. This exercise continues through the life of the course and we continue building the model as we learn new levels of complexities in class.   Professor Gross was very considerate of the fact that the class was a mix of students (like me) with little or no background in financial modeling and others who had comparatively more expertise in the area (including five Business school students). The teaching team arranged for additional modeling workshop to help students who needed it. There were two workshops and Bartosz Garbaczewski, a recently graduated SIPA alum graciously agreed to invest his time after work to conduct these. There were countless best practices for modeling in Excel that were covered during these two workshops and on class proved to be invaluable to our learning process. SIPA offers a range of amazing courses within itself and across other graduate schools in Columbia. Besides the core courses for my program and concentration, I had the option to chose from a huge list of electives. As an energy concentrator, I found out my passion for energy finance after I came to SIPA and have decided to pursue a career in the field. Not having a  finance/business studies background was particularly concerning for me at the beginning, and hence I looked for courses that would enhance my skills in this aspect. Although I took other courses in the same subject matter, none was as rigorous as INAF U6326, and I would recommend this class to anyone who is interested in project finance for renewable energy. Read more about  INAF U6326  in the February 2016 issue of EE Quarterly. [Image adaptation courtesy of EE Quarterly | Daniel Gross]

Flow Control Valve Issue Cognitive Diversity Case Study - 550 Words

Flow Control Valve Issue: Cognitive Diversity Case Study (Case Study Sample) Content: Flow Control Valve IssueNameProfessorDateIntroductionThe space shuttle Endeavor took to the skies on STS-126 in a bid to help in the building of the International Space Station, ISS, on November 14, 2008 (The STS-119 Flow Control Valve Issue, n.d.). Flight controllers that were monitoring the flight detected an unexpected hydrogen flow increase from one of the main engines of the shuttle. Hydrogen flow control valves and poppet are the devices that control the flow of hydrogen. Despite the glitch, the flight was smooth. This prompted a follow-up to ensure the safety of future shuttle missions. It took leadership of different stakeholders and efficient communication between them to solve the flow control valve issue.DiscussionCognitive DiversityOn landing at the Edwards Air Force Base, the shuttle was transferred to the Kennedy Space Center, KSC, for analysis of the problem (The STS-119 Flow Control Valve Issue, n.d.). Analysis began with the inspection of the shuttle. There was a debate on whether to do the inspection while all devices were intact or to perform the inspection by removing the valve. Settling on the former, Johnson Space Center engineers had the dilemma of the best non-destructive, NDE, techniques that include ye penetrant inspection, magnetic particle inspection, and scanning through the use of an electron microscope. The reports of the inspection were termed as inconclusive during the first Flight Readiness Review held on February 3, 2009.Leadership and Communication among Different StakeholdersAfter the first FRR, Glenn Research Center with help from Stennis Space Center and White Sands Test focused their research on the material properties of the flight hardware and the impact of particles striking the material at different velocities. Behind this aggressive efforts was the leadership of JSCs Propulsion Systems Branch Chief Gene Grush who ensured efficient communication between different parties. Consequently, computational fl uid dynamics analysis got findings on particles striking materials at varying velocities at around that time. The results from tests above led to the teams agreeing on a probabilistic risk assessment of the entire flow control valve hydrogen repress system. The findings above led to the second FRR on February 20, 2009, despite some stakeholders terming the reports as incomplete and inconclusive.During the second FRR meeting, Grush admitted to using substandard particles in testing hence making the findings unreliable. (The STS-119 Flow Control Valve Issue, n.d.) states that despite this, FRR Chairman Bill Gerstenmaier championed for the flight to still take place to ensure the plans of building the ISS were achieved at the set time. Bills proposal was put down by those attending the second FRR, and thus the launch pushed forward. This move was seen as a mature and thoughtful of the parties and their leadership as the people were more interested in safety rather than overwhelming lau nch fever.Under Rene Ortega and Charles Bryson leadership, new inspection tools were implemente...

Failing School Systems Are Students to Blame Essay

The United States educational system is failing. This topic is in the news repeatedly. Failing schools are a problem that must fixed. However, it cannot be fixed until we figure out its real cause. Many people put the blame on the government, school officials, and teachers. Critics such as Geoffrey Canada, the founder of the Harlem Children’s Zone, say that the problem lies within the public schools. He states, â€Å"Public schools are bad, privately managed charter schools are good† (Ravitch 1). This may be a true statement but there must also be an underlying cause for low school performance. Nobody ever thinks the students may have something to do with this problem. The students are the ones who are taking the tests, paying attention in†¦show more content†¦He had bad grades, and according to his teachers an unwillingness to learn. However, soon after a wealthy Caucasian family took him in. As soon as he began to get the love and support that he needed, he b egan to transform into the teenager that he knew he could always be. His grades, attitude, and abilities improved. On top of that, he became one of the star football players on his high school team. This goes to show that a little love and support can take a person a long way. There are various reasons why a student cannot succeed or perform to their full potential. Some reasons they have control over such as the amount of effort put into school and homework. Many students do not want to put in the necessary effort needed to succeed in school. They may not have the willingness to learn. This could be because they do not have the focus for school. Even if they have the focus, some choose not come or participate in class. This can be because students feel like it is not cool to join into class discussions. The students need to be willing to complete all their homework in a timely fashion and turn it in. They must also study and be able to take all tests given. If the students take the responsibility to do these things, they can have a chance to succeed despite other problems. Financial limitations can put a significant strain on a student’s achievement. These financial limitations can come from the government.Show MoreRelated‚Äà ²Discuss How Far Sociologists Would Agree That Teenage Criminal and Deviant Behaviour Results from Parents Failing to Socialise Their Children Correctly‚Äà ´977 Words   |  4 Pagesâ €˜Discuss how far sociologists would agree that teenage criminal and deviant behaviour results from parents failing to socialise their children correctly’ In this essay I will be discussing how far sociologists would agree that teenage criminal and deviant behaviour results from parents failing to socialise their children correctly. Teenage criminal and deviant behaviour is when teenagers (13-19 yr olds) participate in activities which breach the law and are involved in activities which are seenRead MoreThe New York City Department Of Education992 Words   |  4 PagesDepartment of Education (DOE) serves 1.1 million students across schools (â€Å"About Us†). During the Bloomberg administration more than 140 schools were closed with no indication that the â€Å"administration’s closure policy improved outcomes for students in the city’s struggling schools† (â€Å"Standardized Testing Is Counterproductive, Corrosive and Corrupting†). Several studies have detailed the damage and disruption the city’s closure policy had on struggling schools in high-need populations with significant academicRead M oreAnalysis Of The Movie Waiting For Superman 935 Words   |  4 Pagespublic schools primarily located in inner-city areas. The documentary provided criticism towards educational reforms and the process of seeking alternative private or institutionalized education (i.e. charter schools). The film showcased the testimonies of five students and their desires to escape the failing public schools in the area. Waiting for Superman is metaphorically titled to suggest that a false sense of hope is given to students. It is understood by the families and students in theRead MoreMy School Essay817 Words   |  4 PagesWe all know School is one of the biggest and most important parts of our lives, but is it really that important? We meet new people and learn what we what to do in life, the big question I have is â€Å"Does it actually do what we think†. Everyday I walk home, it’s a short walk, only around a mile, but afterwards I’m tired from both my walk and school. I’m always hoping I have no homework and no chores, but that’s never the case for me. No matter how much homework I get I have at least 2 big choresRead MoreCauses Of Students Dropping Out Of High School Across The Country1160 Words   |  5 PagesTerm Paper Final Copy 11/21/14 Student Drop Out There are many numerous causes of students dropping out of high school across the country. However, there are three causes that are most prevalent in students across the globe. One cause is having a lack of parental involvement and participation in a child’s life. The atmosphere in homes and neighborhood play a role in kids dropping out of school. Teacher qualification in teaching is a third reason. High School dropout rates have declined a significantRead MoreHigh School Dropout Essay1354 Words   |  6 Pagesgraduation rates among high school students have increased, but there is still a huge underlying problem in the U.S. with high school drop outs. There have been many half brained reasons for these students dropping out and many people believe the reason for these drop outs is the students faults themselves. But as I know as a student and as a student who has graduated, it is not only the students fault. There are many outside factors and influences that lead to the s tudents dropping out. The term â€Å"dropRead MoreEducation And The International Pisa Exam1597 Words   |  7 Pages American students fall behind the rest of the developed world in the subjects of reading, math, and science within schools (Ripley, 2013). In assessing our inability to do as well as the top countries on the international PISA exam, people have tried to place the blame on a specific area and try to fix that one area in hopes of radically altering the results. Some want to argue that it is bad schools which form bad neighborhoods due to the school’s inability to produce strong students (ChilcottRead MoreFailing The Children Of Success1507 Words   |  7 PagesFailing Our Children to Success Imagine a world where doctors are not able to understand medical terminology or lawyers who have difficulty reading laws and being unable to interpret them correctly. Think of a society where mechanics cannot pronounce the name of a part they are replacing and pharmacists that cannot formulate dosages correctly. While this may seem absurd, this is the current trend of students that our educational system is producing in the United States. In the early years of theRead MoreHigh School Students Should Not Be A Student s Fault1012 Words   |  5 Pages High school graduation rates vary among different cultural backgrounds, and college enrollment tends to have similar results. When we think of high school graduation rates, we do not think of the issues. We often think of the failure of high school to be a student’s fault. For example, a person would say, â€Å"That student is lazy and didn’t want to do their work.† Although this could be one problem, another issue is the school system failing to provide coursework for a student based off of their needsRead MoreCity Schools And The American Dream : Reclaiming The Promise Of Public Education898 Words   |  4 Pageswhich exist in our nation’s education system in his book, City Schools and the American Dream: Reclaiming the Promise of Public Education. Noguera describes what he views to be the main problems facing urban education and suggests strategies for improvement. From years of experience as a teacher and school board member, he reflects on what he be lieves to be the real problems. Noguera blames the school’s failures on students, parents, and teachers which leads to blame local government officials or policymakers

Examples Of Educational Programs - 1109 Words

GOOD IDEAS: ï‚ ¾ Educational programming: †¢ Nutrition †¢ Personal finance †¢ Dermatology: Skin cancer and the effects of the sun and tanning †¢ Car maintenance: Information about tires and oil changes, driving tips for snowy conditions, etc. †¢ Safety tips: Self-defense, how to stay safe during spring break, etc. †¢ Police: Alcohol, drugs, fake IDs, rights, etc. †¢ Insurance: Life, home, and auto insurance †¢ Financial planning: 401(k)s, mutual funds, investing money, etc. †¢ Environmental awareness †¢ Stress management †¢ Safe sex and sexually transmitted diseases †¢ Gender identity †¢ Risk prevention and liability †¢ Etiquette †¢ Dance: Ballroom, line dancing, etc. †¢ Body and soul: Aromatherapy, aerobics, yoga, etc. ï‚ ¾ Greek program nights: Plan with†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Human timeline: Give each person an important event in Kappa’s history and have everyone get in order by event date. †¢ Kappa feud: Learn the Founders, famous Kappas, and Kappa facts by playing a game of Family Feud. ï‚ ¾ Founders Day: †¢ Have a party for the Founders. †¢ Do an AE-style interview of the six Founders. †¢ Write fun facts on placemats or plates. †¢ Lay out old composites. †¢ Organize speakers from each decade to talk about their Kappa experiences. †¢ Dress from a previous decade for a â€Å"come-as-you-were† theme. ï‚ ¾ Senior activity and recognition: †¢ Senior speaks: Allow each senior to give a short, three-to-five-minute talk about a topic of her choice, (e.g., words of wisdom, things she wishes she knew earlier, a poem, organizations she’s been involved in, etc.). †¢ Senior of the week/senior spotlight: Each senior chooses her favorite dinner and music and she is highlighted during a chapter meeting. †¢ Senior cookbook: Write to the parents of each senior to ask for their daughter’s favorite recipe. Compile them into a book and present it to the seniors. †¢ Senior w ills: Have seniors give away their fun items and crazy clothing. †¢ Senior superlatives: Recognize seniors with awards such as â€Å"most likely to open her own company,† â€Å"most likely to be the President of the Fraternity,† etc. †¢ Kappa konnection: Educate seniors about the programs that could help them find Kappas when moving to new places. †¢ Sapphire sister: Pair seniors with alumnae toShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Educational Programs1117 Words   |  5 PagesGOOD IDEAS: ï‚ ¾ Educational programming: †¢ Nutrition †¢ Personal finance †¢ Dermatology: Skin cancer and the effects of the sun and tanning †¢ Car maintenance: Information about tires and oil changes, driving tips for snowy conditions, etc. †¢ Safety tips: Self-defense, how to stay safe during spring break, etc. †¢ Police: Alcohol, drugs, fake IDs, rights, etc. †¢ Insurance: Life, home, and auto insurance †¢ Financial planning: 401(k)s, mutual funds, investing money, etc. †¢ Environmental awareness †¢ StressRead MoreExamples Of Educational Facilities And Programs1283 Words   |  6 PagesEducational Facilities Programs The education system in the city of McAllen is rich. Many students reside to a near by school. The McAllen Independent School Districts holds 47 public schools serving 28,221 students (Private School Review, 2017.). The publics high schools in Mcallen offer dual enrollment which are college level classes that high school students take for free. With the number of children increasing each school year, they have started to offer after school programs. The ACE programRead MoreQuality Individualized Educational Programs Essay examples1264 Words   |  6 PagesThe educational system in the United States has not always provided comparable education to students with disabilities. Not until 1975, when congress passed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act in 1975, were public school systems were required to provide â€Å"free and appropriate† education to children with disabilities. This law is currently referred to as Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA). These laws provide a legal precedence to ensure students with disabilitiesRead MoreMy Home Congregation Of Beautiful Savior954 Words   |  4 Pageswhich was an interesting challenge. Having grown up in the church as the son of a DCE (now a pastor) there, I was already pretty familiar with the educational opportunities provided, but it was interesting to take a much deeper look at it and evaluate the shortcomings as well. The Dirt on Learning offered a strong basis for the critique of educational ministry from the perspective of the parable of the sower, making parallels with how it relates directly to education. Beautiful Savior is a uniqueRead MoreThe Objectives Of Instruction Layout1412 Words   |  6 PagesEducational goals The objectives of instruction layout how individuals ought to carry on and what changes is the scholastic framework anticipated that would make in the lives of various people on graduation. The objectives of training might be sorted into various classifications of desires. Levels of educational purposes The essential level incorporate the longings of the overall population. What changes does the overall population foresee from the graduated individuals with respect to administrativeRead More Technology in Education Essay985 Words   |  4 Pagesusually has either a desk top or lap top computer, sometimes both, for keeping track of important information. Technology has, in many ways, positively impacted the educational field. Michigan has made using technology a necessity. With help from the Freedom to Learn Program, improvements in classroom technology, and special programs used to assist educators, teachers become familiar with the new technology. Recently, a press release from the MichiganVirtualUniversity stated, â€Å"The DepartmentRead MoreEarly Intervention : The Child At A Year Age854 Words   |  4 PagesAfter dealing, with their personal feelings about the many issues that will have to be addressed. The parents have to develop a plan of action for their child that should involve early intervention, understanding educational programs/ services offered in their community, and transitional programs that will help prepare the child for life. Not to mention, â€Å"Parents acquired more information, their concerns decreased, their satisfaction increased, and they demonstrated an ability to transfer their learningRead MoreThe Models That Can Help With Revenue Amongst Schools869 Words   |  4 PagesThe article talked about the models that can help with revenue amongst schools. Budget planning is important while implementing programs in educational settings. For example the article talks about how different departments i n colleges such as the math department have to even out with revenue. Also, it talked about Return Investment Analysis which focuses on the connection between instructors and students on an income level. Therefore, I would use this information in my workplace because I alwaysRead MoreTechnology : Technology And Education1702 Words   |  7 Pagesincorporated into the educational system. Heidi Hayes Jacobs, an author and world renowned education leader stated that, â€Å"Teachers need to integrate technology seamlessly into the curriculum instead of viewing it as an add-on, an afterthought, or an event†. Technology should help enhance the educational system and be responsible for academic enhancement. Technology can help with education, by online classes that allows the student to see the work outside of the classroom, there are online programs that helpsRead MoreWhat Is The Merit-Based Incentive Payment System1056 Words   |  5 Pagesreimbursements. The new MIPS program w as just implemented into our healthcare system this past year. In fact, several healthcare facilities are left confused and unaware on how exactly to meet the standards of the new quality-reporting program. Therefore, there is a major need for an educational program within our facility at Gastroenterology Associates, Inc., in order for the confusion to subside and to allow confidence to take over. Implementing an educational program designed around MIPS would

Rhetorical Analysis of Speeches in to Kill a Mockingbird,...

We should study spoken language as it is truly unique and we can see the effect and beauty of spoken language in works of great orators and writers. Spoken language is truly an art, which involves many techniques to perfect and master it. One of the techniques is rhetoric. Rhetoric is the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing. The ancient Greeks first developed public speaking. Under Roman, influence public speaking developed further. This was heavily under the influence of Cicero and Aristotle. The speeches I have chosen to study are the closing speech of Atticus Fitch in the novel to â€Å"Kill a Mockingbird† and the â€Å"Battle of Falkirk† by William Wallace in the movie â€Å"Brave heart.† Atticus’s speech occurs in a courtroom in†¦show more content†¦This is done in order to engender pity and sympathy towards Tom Robinson in the courtroom and thus motivate the jury to return an innocent verdict. Atticus uses a combination of convincing and logical evidence, but is also very passionate as he is not doing this as a â€Å"lip† service. He was doing this, as he could not live with himself if he did not do his best to defend Tom Robinson despite the chances of winning the court case. The use of emotive language and well-reasoned arguments makes the case more persuasive and plausible. Atticus is rather astute in showing compassion for Mayella, this shows honesty and integrity in his character therefore the jury is more inclined to believe him over the witnesses. Atticus makes a direct plea to the jury but he does this on a personal level. Atticus pauses to create more impact as it is dramatically effective as it focuses our attention to the truth. Atticus throws the burden of blame on Mayella making her culpable of the crime that happened and not his client. He uses repetition to emphasise his case and evidence. Atticus’s tone becomes increasing aggressive and uncomp romising however, he remains courteous and dignified throughout. Atticus highlights to the jury the sheer arrogance of the witnesses of the state who believed their word would not be questioned over a black man. Atticus shouted â€Å"TEMERITY† as he had become so frustrated. This is the only point in the speech where

Through the Adlerian Lens Oprah Winfrey - 1006 Words

Through an Adlerian Lens: Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey is a world-renowned businesswoman and entertainer. She first entered the entertainment industry when she was 19 years old by co-anchoring at her local news station. She kept working upwards by hosting radio shows, hosting her own cable television shows, acting in movies, publishing books and magazines, and launching the Oprah Winfrey Network and Harpo Productions (American Academy of Achievement, 2011). Winfrey is also well known for her philanthropy. She donates a lot of money and time to charitable causes and has even had a school built for girls in Africa. She was not born into this lifestyle. Winfrey made a name for herself through hard work, motivation, and dedication. Oprah†¦show more content†¦Alfred Adler believed that â€Å"people with a socially useful style of life represent the highest form of humanity in the evolutionary process and are likely to populate the world of the future† (Feist Feist, 2009, p. 79). Birth Order Adler’s theory of birth order can also be used to explain Winfrey’s personality development. Winfrey was the first born of her parents, who were unmarried teenagers. Her father was not aware that he had a daughter for some time after she was born. Although she had siblings, she was more or less raised as an only child. She was not raised with her first sister because her mother could not handle taking care of both, and she was unaware that she had a second sister who was put up for adoption while she was living with her father. She also had a younger brother who she was not around often because she ran away at the age of 13 and was then sent to live with her father once again. For these reasons, I think that Oprah Winfrey would best fit the only child description instead of the oldest child. According to Adler, the only child possesses certain personality traits, such as being â€Å"socially mature, having exaggerated feelings of superiority, low feelings o f cooperation, an inflated sense of self, and a pampered style of life† (Feist Feist, 2009, p. 86). On the other hand, Winfrey does possess certain personality traits of

The Effect of Rmb Internationalization Free Essays

Effects on China Advantages : Enterprises in China Enterprises in China may benefit a lot from the internationalization of Renmibi. First of all, the cost of currency exchange can be saved and the risk of exchange rate of using of other currencies can be reduced, if Renminbi become a trade settlement. Also, RMB as an investment currency, if foreign assets increased demand of it ,China can reduce the interest rates of RMB assets, thereby reducing their financing costs, and further, companies can go overseas to issue RMB-denominated bonds, thereby expanding the scope of financing and address the problem of currency mismatch. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Rmb Internationalization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, Domestic firms can use the RMB to invest abroad, to achieve Chinese enterprises â€Å"going out† strategy, integrating into the global economy. People’s Republic of China China may have quite a lot of advantages from it too. First, it may enhance the international status of China through internationalization of Renminbi by increasing China’s voice in the international community and the influence of China in international economy, as the internationalization of its currency may promote the expansion of China’s financial service sector. Also, China may collect ‘ seigniorage’from the rest of world, which ‘ seigniorage’ defined as the margin between the denomination of the notes and the cost of issuing the notes obtained by the note issuer, if RMB get commodity pricing, which can use it to buy the worldwide resources and avoid U. S. dollar liquidity constraints, that leads to expansion of seigniorage revenue. More, China has accumulated foreign exchange reserves to ease the pressure, reduce the risk of reserve assets shrink, reducing the dependence of other countries (mainly U. S. ). China’s foreign exchange reserves, mostly are U. S. overnment bonds, which makes China and U. S. in a delicate state. After global financial crisis , the Chinese foreign exchange reserves shrink every moments, but China is not found in other better investment options, holding dollar debt is the best choice for China at this moment. Financial organizations The financial organization may also take advantages through RMB internationalization. First, the import and export trade companies for RMB provide clearing services and financing for foreign importers to provide support to the RMB business so as to expand the scope of commercial banks and to increase the profits of commercial banks. Furthermore, The existence of economies of scope to improve the competitiveness of financial institutions, and the increased use of offshore yuan to improve market liquidity, more importantly, the central bank can protect the lender of last resort to provide liquidity for financial institutions to protect, Chinese financial institutions to reduce foreign exchange liquidity risk, which together with the economies of scope to improve the overseas Chinese financial institutions to conduct renminbi business competitiveness. Also, RMB overseas demand also contributed to the innovation of financial instruments and the development of renminbi derivatives market. Last nut not the least, it may benefit from increasing the influence of China’s financial markets, and promote international financial center , like Shanghai, as well as an offshore financial center, Hong Kong, the development of renminbi, the Chinese financial markets and further integrate into the international financial markets. Disadvantages PRC government The PRC government , however, still has to face some challenges in order to achieve RMB internationalization. First of all, as China’s capital markets are still too shallow, any significant changes in cross-border capital flows may easily lead to large fluctuations in China’s asset prices. Overseas demand challenges the RMB of China’s monetary policy , while people who holds the RMB assets may cause the increase of cross-border capital flows and exchange rate fluctuations, and thus affects the stability of China’s financial system. Also, if a currency is fully internationalized, which means that it can easily be obtained in international financial markets, the country with an internationalized currency will be very vulnerable to speculative attacks from international speculators. More, â€Å"hot money† will enter China causing economic crisis. As Hot money will lead to economic crisis in China’s property market and the stock market, as investors consider more to invest their money in high-return business. Like Guangzhou Tang Hang Metal Materials Co. , Ltd. eferred payment for imported goods in China so as to profit from the appreciation of the renminbi. Experts said that China’s foreign exchange regulations, the RMB settlement may make this form of arbitrage is more profitable, because the company can enjoy a more favorable foreign exchange rate. According to the monetary policy report from the central bank( page 16), China was trying to fix the problem of hot money. ‘ â€Å" † , 2010 ? 11 ,2011 ? 3 , ?2011 ’ From Second quarter of the monetary policy report from People’s bank of China Last but not the least, it is more difficult for China to control the inflation rate. China’s battle to curb inflation even more difficult, because People Bank of China must print more RMB to buy dollars flowing into the country. China has more than 6% inflation. And Beijing want to precisely control the level to curb the appreciation of the yuan revaluation, but the internationalization of the RMB has given tremendous upward pressure. Brookings Institution China scholar Prasad (Eswar Prasad) said that the management and increase appreciation of the RMB yuan in international trade and financial transactions of the importance, both in the short term this is a contradiction. According to the monetary policy report from the central bank, (page 1 ), there is still pressure in controlling the amount of RMB. ‘ , , 5 ,M2 M1 4. 6 8. 5 6 , ,M2 M1 0. 8 0. 4 , †¦.. ’ From Second quarter of the monetary policy report from People’s bank of China How to cite The Effect of Rmb Internationalization, Papers

Ebenezer Scrooge Analysis free essay sample

At the beginning of A Christmas Carol, abundant evidence is provided to support the conclusion that Ebenezer Scrooge is the protagonist of Dickens tale, who doesnt want to spend any more money than is absolutely essential, and who begrudges spending for what is necessary. A grasping, covetous, flinty old pinchpenny With his pointed nose, shrivelled cheeks, and stiff gait, he is repulsive to all his acquaintances. In his novella, Dickens portrays Scrooge with words that are equally as familiar as his name â€Å"Bah Humbug! . Scrooges character is shaped by the conditioning he experienced as a young child, as our characters as humans always are. He has been suffering psychologically for years from the abuse of neglect he received as a child when he was left alone during Christmas. However, another conflict manifests itself on that Christmas Eve when the do-gooders stop by to ask Scrooge for a donation for charity by mentioning Marleys name which triggers Scrooges memory of friendship, love and benevolence. We will write a custom essay sample on Ebenezer Scrooge Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He sent them off by a gruffly reply It is not my business. Its enough for a man to understand his own business, and not interfere with other peoples. Mine occupies me constantly. Good afternoon, gentlemen! Finally, the day draws to its close and Scrooge must release his clerk, Bob Cratchit, but not before he grumpily says, you dont think me ill-used when I pay a days wages for no work as he must allow the man a holiday on Christmas. Ordering the man to Be here all the earlier the next day, Scrooge reluctantly lets the man go home. Clearly, Ebenezer Scrooge is a misanthrope who shares no warmth with any man. As he dismisses his nephew, Scrooge declares, If I could work my will, every idiot who goes about with Merry Christmas on his lips, should be boiled with his own pudding and buried with a stake of holly through his heart. He should! The conflict intensifies when Marleys spirit arrives at his own home to warn Scrooge of his demise if he does not heed his warning and accept the three ghosts. Scrooges conflict here is in accepting this revelation, for at first he doesnt believe that Marley is real, for he thinks that Marley is an undigested bit of beef; a blot of mustard, a crumb of cheese, a fragment of an underdone potato. In other words, Scrooge is trying to convince himself that he is suffering from indigestion. Scrooges encounter with the Ghost of Christmas Past reveals Scrooges Christmas past and in accepting what happened to him back then, he begins to give in to the good in his soul, for when he sees himself as a very young boy all alone at this boarding school and his break up with his fiance Belle due to this love for money, he sheds a tear which symbolizes the return of warmth and sympathy in Scrooges cold heart; the ice around his heart is melting, and Scrooge is beginning to resurrect. For when he meets the Ghost of Christmas Present, he has to face the realities of the life that he has created for the Cratchit family, and the wages that Scrooge has been paying Bob are very pitiful that he cannot afford proper medical attention for his son, Tiny Tim. Seeing this causes Scrooge to become even more compassionate. By witnessing the Cratchits, this has had a tremendous effect on his character. Following the visit from the final spirit, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, Scrooge desperately wished to make amends for the sins of his life. When he awoke on Christmas morning and found that the bedpost was his own and the Time before him was his own, Scrooge recognized that he still had another chance to transform himself. His heart was no longer heavy from the fear that things cannot change; instead, he laughed and cried from the joy of the knowledge that his fate was not foresworn: His happiness had made him youthful againas light as a feather.

Delegation In International Organizations - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Delegation In International Organizations? Answer Introducation The Australian contract law principles are influenced by the Englands law of contracts; the regulations in both laws have many similarities. There are several essential elements requiring for a contract to legally binding upon parties, without whom a contract become void ab initio. Following are such essential elements: Agreement: According to Appleman, Appleman, and Holmes (2016), the first and foremost requirement of a contract is that there must be an agreement between the parties of the contract. In an agreement, an offer is made by a party for performance or non-performance of the certain activities and such offer must be accepted by another party without any change in its conditions. The person making an offer is called Offeror and the person who accepts such offer is called Offeree. The offer must contain certain actions that must be performed or not performed by the offeree. The condition of the offer must remain same as provided by the offeror, any change in the conditions will lead to dismissal of the agreement. The acceptance of offeree must be collected without any force or threat. Consideration: Consideration means anything given in the lieu of a promise made under an agreement. According to Treitel (2003), a consideration is required in every agreement without which an agreement cannot come into existence. The consideration for an agreement must be legal as well since illegal consideration makes an agreement void ab initio. In case of a contract, generally, the consideration is money or anything which have a monetary value. The worth of consideration must be certain; a consideration without certain value cannot make a contract legally binding upon the parties. Capability: While entering into a legal contract, it is necessary that all the parties of a contract must be capable of entering into a legal contract. Carter, Harland, and Lindgren (1996) provided in their book that the capability of parties include few things such as both the parties must be at legal age for the contract, a minor cannot enter into a legal contract. The parties to the contract must have sound mind meaning they can ascertain what is right and wrong for them. A person without proper mental ability cannot enter into a legal contract because the person must be able to understand the conditions of a contract. Another requirement is that the person must be solvent. A person who is declared insolvent by the court cannot enter into a legal contract. Intention: The mindset or thinking of the parties of a legal contract must match while establishing a contract. As per Carter and Peden (2003), both the parties of a contract must have a similar and clear intention regarding the conditions of a contract. The intention of parties must be free from any threat or force, meaning the intention of parties must be acquired legally and with their consent. Certainty: Another essential requirement of a legal contract is that the condition provided in a contract must be certain. As per the research of Atiyah (1990), flexible or changeable conditions cannot form a legal contract. The conditions must only be changed with the approval of both the parties to a contract. A contracts legal status is based on fulfillment of several conditions such as one party must make an offer for performance or non-performance of a certain task and another party must accept such offer without any changes in the terms. Lando and Beale (2000) provided that the parties of the contract must be legally capable of entering into a legal contract, meaning both parties must be major, solvent and sound minded. There must be a legal monetary consideration available in the contract. The intention of parties while entering into a contract must match and the conditions fixed by the parties must be certain. The parties of a contract can decide its format according to their preference meaning it can either be oral or written. A legal contract is enforceable by the court whether it is in oral form or written form. According to Solan (2001), it is difficult for the parties to an oral contract to enforce its terms because of the lack of evidence available to prove its conditions. It is easier for the parties to an oral contract to disagree with the terms of contract since the other person cannot show evidence to the court. An argument can happen between the parties of contract for determining the terms of it. The court also faces difficulty while ascertaining the conditions because, without a witness of the contract, there is no evidence available for its existence. In case it has been a long time since the oral contract took place, it can be difficult for the parties to contract to remember its terms. As per Zink (2013), one party can state any false term or denies performing his duties under oral contract since there is no evidence available to enforce it by the court. This is the primary drawback of an oral contract between two parties, although the court did not discriminate between oral or written contract, it is still difficult for the parties to implement the terms of a contract. The condition of a written contract cannot be changed by the parties without the acceptance of another party. The terms of a written agreement do not require any evidence to prove their worth. The vagueness of condition can be avoided by parties if they enter into a written contract. Even after a long period, the written condition of a contract cannot be altered and it avoids and vagueness of the terms. According to Joughin (1998), by entering into a written contract, a party can ensure that other parties perform his duties. The conflict between parties of contract can be avoided if the contract is in written form. It is easier for courts to enforce the condition of contract since there is no conflict between parties. In case of day-to-day business activities, a written contract is significantly better than oral contract since it ensures the proper implementation of duties. A formal contract is formed with the implementation of particular guidelines, which ensure its legal enforcement. The formal contract is formed with a particular format which is providing by the law. The law defines the writing style and structure of a formal contract and it is necessary that all such guidelines are meeting accordingly. A consideration is not an essential requirement in a formal contract. There are two types of formal contract: Contract of record: In this contract, the intention of the party is not required for its legal The court has right to implement a formal contract without the acceptance of any of the parties. The intention is an essential requirement in a legal contract but in case of a contract of record, the intention of parties is not required. The example of the court of record is decree or judgement provided by the court. According to Lui (2009), the legal judgement of the court is enforceable upon parties even without their approval. Summons issued by the court is also an example of a contract of record. Summon can force a party to show up at court to perform a certain task on the order of the court. Contract by Deed or Contract under Seal: These contracts are written in a particular format which is issued by the law. They also required signature and attestation of a witness who is not the party of such contract. As per Ryall and Sampson (2009), the contract of the seal must be attested by the witness with a seal, the seal of witness authenticate the terms of such contract. The lease agreement for houses is an example of contract by deed. Skyrms (2014) provided that while enforcing a legal contract, the intention of both the party must be similar for implementing with the terms of the contract, therefore, the agreement conducted at social places cannot be enforced by the court since both parties did not have any intention of enforcing it legally. In a particular case, the parties provided a consideration for the purchase of lottery ticket which proves the intention of parties. The element of a legal contract is fulfilled by the parties since there is the availability of offer, acceptance, consideration, capability, and intention. The parties can legally force the term of such contract and divide the prize in between the parties (Bohnet, Frey and Huck, 2001). In various other cases, a similar judgment has been issued by the court. In a similar case, three friends decided to buy a lottery ticket but one friend buys the ticket with the intention that others will pay him back later. After winning the lottery prize, other friends have right to enforce the contract even when no consideration was given by them because the intention to pay money was available. The court gives an order of dividing the lottery prize between friends since it fulfills the requirement of a legal contract (Simpkins, 1995) (McKendrick 2014). From the above interpretations, it can be provided that similar principles can apply in the given case as well. The decision of friends to buy a lottery ticket together is constituted a legally binding contract. The money provided by friends determined as consideration by the court. The friend who won the prize is liable to divide such money in between all friends equally (Friend 2004). According to the book of Barker, Cane, Lunney, and Trindade (2012), the law of torts provide provisions regarding the vicarious liability in various relationships. In case of the relationship between principal and agent, the provision of vicarious legality applies since the actions of the agent is controlled by his principal. The liabilities of agents actions can be applied to his principal. The relationship of employer and independent contracts is completely opposite than agent and principal relationship (Giliker 2010). The Independent Contractors Act, 2006 provide the provisions regarding the duties and responsibilities of an independent contractor, in Australia. The principle of Fair Work Act, 2009 defend the rights of an independent contractor in Australia. As per legal provisions of given acts, the legal status of an agent is completely different from an independent contractor. The legal contract performed by an independent contractor and his employer defines the scope of their relationship (Australia 2009). In case of agent and principal relationship, the contract of service defines their association. The agent binds himself to the services of his principal and the activities of the agent are fully controlled by the principal. The provisions of the contract of service differentiate the independent contractor with an agent. According to Milner (2006), the principal is liable for the agents actions since they are controlled by them, but in case of an independent contractor, the employer cannot be liable for his actions since he is not under his control. The employer can select the work of independent contractor but the method of performance is decided by the contractor himself. In case of an agent, the principal provides both the work and its performance method. The provision of vicarious liability does not apply to the employer and independent contractor relationship. An independent contractor can work for the different employer at the same time and those employers cannot be held liable for the negligence of contractor. The agent performs his actions on the behalf of his principal which makes the principal liable for his actions. The servant and the master relationship is a good example of agent and principal relationship, the servant performs all his activities according to his master. Therefore, the master is liable for servants negligent actions (Stewart and Stuhmcke 2009). References Appleman, J.A., Appleman, J. and Holmes, E.M., 2016.Contract Concerns: Reinsurance Contract Formation, Validity, And Judicial Construction(Vol. 14). Appleman on Insurance Law and Practice. Atiyah, P.S., 1990.Essays on contract. Oxford University Press. Australia, F. W. (2009). Fair Work Act 2009. Barker, K., Cane, P., Lunney, M. and Trindade, F., 2012.The law of torts in Australia. Oxford University Press. Carter, J.W. and Peden, E., 2003. Good Faith in Australian Contract Law.Journal of Contract Law,19, p.155. Carter, J.W., Harland, D.J. and Lindgren, K.E., 1996.Contract law in Australia. MICHIE. Friend, C., 2004. Social contract theory. Giliker, P., 2010.Vicarious liability in tort: a comparative perspective(Vol. 69). Cambridge University Press. Joughin, G., 1998. Dimensions of oral assessment.Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education,23(4), pp.367-378. Lando, O. and Beale, H.G. eds., 2000.Principles of European contract law: Parts I and II. Kluwer Law International. McKendrick, E., 2014.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Milner, H. V. (2006). Why multilateralism? Foreign aid and domestic principal-agent problems.Delegation and agency in international organizations,107. Skyrms, B., 2014.Evolution of the social contract. Cambridge University Press. Solan, L. M. (2001). The written contract as safe harbor for dishonest conduct.Chi.-Kent L. Rev.,77, 87. Stewart, P.E. and Stuhmcke, A.G., 2009.Australian principles of tort law. The Federation Press. Treitel, G.H., 2003.The law of contract. Sweet and maxwell. Zink, T. J. (2013). Written vs. Oral Contracts: Why You Should Get It In Writing. Omni Law Group. Retrieved from https://www.omnilawgroup.com/blog/written-vs-oral-contracts-why-you-should-get-it-in-writing/

Catalase lab report Essay Example

Catalase lab report Paper However, once this optimal temperature has been passed, the enzyme becomes less effective. A good comparison for the impact of temperature would be running. There is an optimal temperature at which every runner runs. If it is too hot or too cold, the runner may not run as fast as they could if it were, for example, 10 co. However, the reason temperature impacts enzymes in that matter is due to kinetic energy. As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy also increases. At the optimal temperature, the molecules are moving as fast as they can without breaking bonds. If the speed is surpassed, bonds begin to break and he enzyme becomes less effective. The purpose of this lab is to test the effects of different variables mixed with the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and yeast, yeast being the catalane. The variables that will be changed are temperature, pH, and concentration. Our class began a lab based around enzymes and how they react when different variables are changed, such as temperature, pH, and concentration of the yeast or hydrogen peroxide. The yeast acted as the enzyme, which produces catalane needed for our desired reaction with the hydrogen peroxide. What had to be wanted to measure was how well it reacted when the rabbles were changed. First off, the class needed to find a way to measure this. After you told us that the reaction would give off oxygen gas, it was realized that the oxygen being created in the reaction could displace water to measure how much oxygen gas is being given off. We will write a custom essay sample on Catalase lab report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Catalase lab report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Catalase lab report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Next came setting up the lab. Each group received and set up with a small glass bottle (including a rubber cork with a long rubber tube), a tall graduate glass cylinder, an arm to hold said graduated cylinder, a few smaller graduated glass cylinders, a thermometer, and a rubber tub. Before the groups were remitted to delve into the experiment, a control for the rate of the chemical reaction needed to be established. Each group then filled their rubber tub almost to the top with water which was allowed to sit until the water was about room temperature (about 22 co). Once the water was about room temperature, everyone filled the large graduated glass cylinder completely with water and slid it upside-down into the arm to hold the lip just below the surface of the water. Sam then filled one small graduated cylinder with 5 ml of yeast and Bridget filled the other with 5 ml of hydrogen peroxide. The yeast was poured into the small glass bottle, and the hydrogen peroxide was added second. The cap with the rubber tube was placed on quickly, and it was placed underwater just as quickly. The rubber tube coming from the cork was then slid up into the tall graduated glass cylinder, and Bridget began timing. Every twenty seconds across 5 minutes, Sam would write down how much oxygen gas had displaced the water (see â€Å"Control† graph and for the results). Now that a control had been established, the next step was to test the effects of different pH in the solution. Our first pH that was tested was pH 4. Sam added 2 ml of this to the yeast, and began timing. After she finished recording the data, our group moved onto pH 8. Subsequent to pH 8 was pH 10 (see â€Å"pH† graph and for results). Another variable that was tested was the temperature of the water the reaction occurred in. The first temperature that was tested by the groups was 5 co. The bucket was filled with the water, 5 ml of yeast and of hydrogen peroxide were poured into the small glass bottle. After 5 minutes, the water was poured out and the experiment was performed with 37 co water. Finally, it was tried with boiling water. The results for boiling water will not be close to the normal, however, as one group was not able to get to this point, cutting the average in half (see â€Å"Temperature† graph and for results). The third variable that was tested was the concentration. In the control, there were 5 ml of yeast and 5 ml of hydrogen peroxide used for the reaction. However, in this test, the amount of yeast was lowered from 5 ml to 4, to 3, and then to 2 (see â€Å"Concentration† graph and for results). In the control, there is only 1 line as it was the average of all groups basic reaction. It is a rough arc, as over time, the reaction began to slow down. The reason for it being bumpy is merely that neither the groups nor the experiment is perfect. If that was the case, it would be a perfect arc. In the pH graph, the lines are more rigid than that of the control, suggesting that the amount of oxygen in the vile increased at a more steady rate than in the control. As you can see, the different levels of pH affected the strength of the reaction quite significantly, the strongest reaction being about ten ml of oxygen short of the amount of oxygen in the control, with the other two pH levels bringing down the reaction strength even further. My hypothesis was initially the more basic, the stronger, as a pH often was the strongest of the reactions. However, after looking at it a second time, I realized that pH four was stronger than pH eight. My new hypothesis was that the further from neutral, the more powerful the reaction. But, upon looking a third, time, a new flaw appear ed in my hypothesis. There is a difference of three between seven and four as well as ten and four. So, my third and final hypothesis was that the pH further from neutral would be more significant, as well as bases being more powerful than acids. Unfortunately, as unable to test this theory of mine as I didn’t have any other bases or acids with a known level handy at the moment. For temperature, the lines appear to have a much smoother curve, especially 37 co, as well as steeper. This implies that the reaction rate slowed at a much more incremental rate, instead of a steady or slower speed. Another thing this would imply is that the enzyme is more effective at the beginning, but less affective towards the end. It was obvious that boiling water was well past the optimal reaction temperature, and 5 co quite obviously fell short as well. Co was the closest to optimal, but one could infer that this was also past optimal temperature, as room temperature (about 22 co) had a much st ronger reaction. Since 5 co is 17 co less than 22 co, and 37 co is only 15 co away, my guess would be that room temperature is also past the optimal temperature. What the optimal temperature is remains unclear to me at the moment, but if I had to guess I would say about 16 co would be optimal for this reaction. Again, I have insufficient supplies to test my theory, so am not sure. Lastly is the concentration. The curves appear to be more gradual Han temperature and control, but less steady than PH. The reaction rates for concentration are also some of the closer reaction rates to that of the control. Since there is a decrease in the strength with each lower dosage of yeast, one can assume that the concentration of yeast and hydrogen peroxide should be similar, or perhaps even a higher concentration of yeast than there is hydrogen peroxide. From this graph, information is much harder to infer, but my assumption is that there should be either a 6:5 or 7:5 ratio of yeast and hydrogen p eroxide, respectively. But, once again, I am uncertain, as there is a lack of supplies in my home to perform science experiments. Of course, if you were to mix variables, the results from changing only one variable would be essentially useless other than the results for one to compare to, as the impact of changing two variables instead of one is similar to multiplying two numbers or three numbers. Some results may be similar, some may be drastically different. You would need to retest using each variable again as their effects on one another are unpredicted (unless you study this sort of thing for a living, which i do not).

Free Essays on Gas

triggered something in Gatsby’s mind, and he reali... Free Essays on Gas Free Essays on Gas The all out flaunting of money first came about in the 1920’s. In this time period, when people had money, they found some extravagant way to show it. The characters of The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, reflected this type of lifestyle. The three characters, Tom, Daisy, and Gatsby, each reveal the theme of money can’t buy happiness, through their own unique way. The Great Gatsby includes three very different characters that all reveal a common theme. At first, Gatsby seems to be a sophisticated, and intelligent war veteran. However, once one gets past the surface, he comes to find out that Gatsby is frantically hanging onto the past. He reluctantly reveals the truth about events in his past when directly asked about them. His obsession with Daisy almost borders on insanity. However, he made his money work for him by impressing Daisy with his home. Gatsby thought that all of his material possessions would overwhelm Daisy. Still, Gatsby’s personality won over most of the people he encountered. He was an overall charming, and charismatic character that, in the end, proves that money can’t buy happiness. Throughout most of the book, Tom was a self-centered, materialistic person. Tom thought that Daisy was so in love with his money, that he could have an affair, and it not ruin his marriage. He thought of Daisy as just another one of his shallow, money driven possessions. Tom did, however, show some compassion, when he comforted George after his wife, and Tom’s mistress, was killed. Throughout the novel, Tom blatantly showed his shallow personality through his money-centered actions. At first glance, Daisy appears to be the most innocent of all the characters, but it is quickly learned that she too is immersed into money. Her extremely shallow personality was very evident when she told Gatsby â€Å"rich girls don’t marry poor boys.† Daisy’s words triggered something in Gatsby’s mind, and he reali...

Southeast Asian in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Southeast Asian in the US - Essay Example It is important to understand the term Secondary Migration because it clearly defines why a South East Asian parentage child would consider himself purely American instead of a product of what they commonly term â€Å"the old world† of their parents. Midway to nowhere on the other hand, defines the state of mind that a refugee who fled his homeland in a panic oftentimes has. Refugees in this state of mind arrive in their country or place of asylum without any concrete plans and is forced to choose among three choices for his future. The first choice is to return home. Second, remain where he landed in his quest for asylum. Or third, Accept the offer of other countries for refuge in his quest for asylum. All these choices face a person who left his land without any solid plans except to survive which is he, later on in his life, sometimes exhibits regret in his final decision. This is an experience usually shared by the Viet refugees in America. It is a decision that has them always thinking about the old world and sometimes, sees them taking the secondary migration family members back to their country of roots in order to relive their past

The Role of the Deity in the Hebrew Bible or the development of Satan Essay

The Role of the Deity in the Hebrew Bible or the development of Satan in the Hebrew Bible - Essay Example This is far from the beastly and prophetic visions of Satan that come later in the additional Christian texts, for example in Revelations, in which Satan is effectively demonized or polarized, to represent the extreme side of evil, versus the extreme side of good. Satan in the Old Testament is more simple and straightforward, and also has a more direct relationship with God. There are cues about Satan in Genesis and other Old Testament books. â€Å"In Genesis, God not only promises consequences for disobedience but that a battle will be fought-at great cost to God-to set all free from the destructive power of evil and human sin† (Weissenmuler, 2002). However, in terms of explicit mention of Satan by name, to represent an alternate side of God, the book of Job is the book of focus. In the Old Testament or Hebrew Bible, there is not really much explicit mention of Satan before the book of Job. As mentioned above, of course, in Genesis, there is the portrayal of evil, and the representation of evil through the snake which tempts Eve with the apple, but even here the snake is not explicitly identified as Satan. It is a more symbolic meaning. And, although there are occasional uses of â€Å"satan† as a verb or noun to mean terrorize or enemy, respectively in the Old Testament before the book of Job, Job is the first book in which the reader is introduced to Satan as a personage with a direct relationship to God. The reader sees that Job is a man who â€Å"feared God, and eschewed evil† (KJV,Job,1,1), who has been given a bountiful and prosperous life by his God. Satan is introduced early in the book through a series of tests by which God is to measure Job’s faith by taking away the abundance that he has given him; Satan acts as an agent of God in carrying out the disruption of Job’s plenty and the corruption of his body. In this way, the reader can see that, rightfully so in a book

Comparison of Stalin and Hitler

Comparison of Stalin and Hitler Even though some people may argue this, its a common fact that Joseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler are one of the two worst villains in history. Stalin murdered millions of people and Hitler murdered millions of people. They both tortured innocent people. They both threatened violence towards the rest of the world. Hitler started the worst war in history. Stalin spread Communism to other countries. Hitler almost wiped out a human race. Stalin slaughtered his own people. Whos the most hideous person? Stalin was a more hideous person than Hitler. Hitler was born to an overprotective mother and an overbearing father. While his mother would shower him with affection, his father barely even acknowledged his existence. His love for Germany started when he was very young. His love for Germany awakened when he moved to Germany and started to play with German children. This love for Germany would never die (Ayer 16). His independence started when he was six when he walked to and from school and dealing with mischievous boys. It was around this time when Hitlers father was starting to come home drunk every day. He was abused daily by his father because Hitler refused to give in to his fathers demands. In school, he was a leader. One boy quoted We all liked him, at desk and at play. He had guts. He wasnt a hothead, he was a quiet fanatic (Ayer 19). At thirteen his father passed away suddenly and Hitler became the male head of the house. Hitler was very charismatic. His words go like an arrow to their target, he touches each private wo und on the raw, expressing [peoples] intermost [hopes], telling [them] what [they] most want to hear (Strasser 65). When at school he took a particular liking to Professor Leopold Potsch. Potsch was a follower of the Volkisch Movement. The movement was a group that believed that the German people were superior to everyone else especially the Jews (Ayer 21). Hitler saw the opera Rienzi and it changed his life forever. His friend, Kubizek, said: Now he aspired to something higher, something I could not yet fully understand. All this surprised me, because I believed that the [life] of an artist was for him the highest of all goals, the one most striving for. But now he was speaking of an [order] he would one day receive from the people, to lead them out of [slavery] to the heights of freedom. (Ayers 23) Hitler blamed his own poverty and humiliation on the Jews. It was during World War 1 when he finally did something with his life. He enlisted. War was brilliant to him. He was at home in the trenches. He received the greatest award Germany had to offer. When Germany lost he was completely devastated. It was at this time when he finally got into politics. Hitler became interested and joined the German Workers Party. Soon later he changed the name of the party to the NAZI Party. He silenced any high ranking official within the party that didnt agree with him. He blamed the Jews on all the bad problems in Germany. Hitler was eventually arrested. While he was in jail he wrote Mein Kampf. This would later be the Nazi Bible. Once out of jail he reformed the Nazi Party into something far greater than it ever was. In 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor. Soon later he became the sole dictator of Germany. This was only the beginning for Hitler. Stalins childhood was marked with hate. His father would beat him savagely for no reason. This made Stalin grim and heartless. His mother on the other hand spoiled him and always gave excuses for his bad behavior. This made Stalin think at a young age that everything he did was alright. When Stalin was in school he tried to dominate his classmates in everything they did. He studied his classmates weaknesses and acted upon their weaknesses to force the other children to accept his leadership. Stalin saw the illiterate tribes of the towering Caucasus Mountains as romantic heroes. They were fierce and stopped at nothing until they got what they want. When he was thirteen he was exposed to scientific thought for the first time. These books made Stalin believe that there was no god. At the age of sixteen, Stalin went to a seminary. While at the seminary he secretly joined a new revolutionary party. He smuggles illegal books into the seminary. It was in these books that Stalin first learne d what Communism is by Marx. He was so much against the idea of god he wasnt able to fake it anymore. His grades went from best to worst in the class and four months before graduation he was expelled. Even though he hated the seminary, it did leave its mark on him. It hardened for the life of a professional revolutionary. He also applied the religious fanaticism to Communism (Archer 19). The seminarys spy system was the inspiration for his own secret police. On May 1, 1901, Stalin led two thousand railway workers into a bloody clash against the Tsars forces. He fled being arrested. He began an outlaws life taking on false names and always slipping away from the police. Stalin looked up to and inspired Lenin for having to fill his life with great purpose (Archer 23). On April 5, 1902, he was finally arrested. He viewed this setback as a positive. He began recruiting prisoners into the Social Democratic Party. On January 21, 1905, Stalin announced that the revolution has begun. In 190 7, he wife died. This made Stalin even more sarcastic, cold, and vengeful than ever before (Archer 35). It wasnt until World War I that the revolution won and took over the government of Russia. In 1924 Lenin had died and there was a struggle on who should now rule Russia. After the dust has settled it was the Man of Steel, Joseph Stalin, which began his role of being one of the best rulers in Russias history. There are many people who Hitler hated and wanted to annihilate. Hitler wanted a pure Aryan race. This means he wanted only perfect people. The people must be tall, slender, physically fit, and free of any disability, deformity, abnormality, mental illness, and homosexuality. Above all people Hitler hated he hated the Jews the most. He firmly believed that the Jews were the inferior race. He blamed the Jews for Germanys defeat in World War I. He believed that Germany would have never lost the war if it wasnt for the Jews stabbing Germany in the back. In Europe at the time, Jews were known as Communists and to some people Germany was known as a Jewish Country. This was the last thing Hitler wanted his country called. Stalin hated everyone who was against him and Communism. He always feared for his position in power and for Communism. It didnt matter if they were political enemies or just civilians who didnt like communism, Stalin hated them all. Stalin did everything in his power to instill fear into his enemies. He wanted to make sure whoever was against him know that that was a grave and deadly mistake. In 1939, Hitler started the worst war in history. Hitler wanted to make a German Empire all throughout Europe and evidentially the world. World War II had over sixty nations involved in it. He wanted superiority over everyone in the world. Hitler wanted to wipe out an entire race. He put Jews in concentration camps. In concentration camps, Jews were tortured, gassed, used as sick experiments, shot, starved, and hung. He wasnt going to stop until he wiped every single Jew off the face of the world. To Hitler, the Jewish race was nothing but little, annoying animals. What Stalin did to his own people is sickening. Stalin was a huge fanatic of being patriotic for the motherland. He killed anyone he expected to be a traitor. During World War II, if a soldier took one step backwards to retreat then an officer would shoot them on the spot declaring they were traitors even though in reality they werent really traitors. After World War II, Stalin reopened some of the concentration camps and put German civilians in them. Stalin killed anyone that disagreed with him. He executed over forty thousand polish prisoners. If Stalin had a political enemy then the enemy would be taken to a labor and be never seen from again. Conditions in the labor camps have been said are worst then some of the concentration camps Hitler put the Jews in. Stalin wasnt only ruthless to foreign people he was ruthless towards his own people making them fear him so much they were forced to love him. Hitler killed six million people. Most of those people were Jews while some were other minorities. Stalin killed over forty thousand polish prisoners and also killed two hundred thousand Georgian civilians. In all Stalin murdered roughly twenty to forty-five million people. Hitler and Stalin were both extremely evil men who stopped at nothing to achieve what they wanted. They both grew up in hateful homes. They lied and killed to make their way to the top. They both killed millions of people. In all, Stalin was the most hideous one. Even Hitler did many bad things in his life, Stalin definitely out did him. Stalin hated more people, he killed millions and millions of more people then Hitler, and he was more ruthless than the Nazi leader. Stalin was the essence of the devil himself.

Edgar Allen Poe’s The Fall of the House of Usher Essay

The Gothic tradition has played a central role in creating architecture, poetry, literature, film and even art, such as Henry Fuselis’ 1781 painting, â€Å"The Nightmare†. Oscar Wilde borrowed heavily from the gothic tradition when creating his 1890s novel, â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray† and in this essay I am going to be looking at certain gothic sections of Oscar Wildes’ novel where he utilizes the fundamental aspects of the Gothic tradition. I will be looking into â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray† and how Wilde plays on the horror, the horrific, the suspense and the supernatural that all contribute to a Gothic mood. The term Gothic commands a vast semantic field of varied terrain; a range of meanings, definitions and associations. It is therefore very hard to define because it covers such a broad portfolio of different aspects. Historically the Goths were one of the several Germanic tribes who were one of the peoples who freed Europe from the clutches of the Roman Empire, culminating in its collapse in 476 AD. History itself has manipulated the term Gothic to be associated with the idea of freedom. One of the reasons the Gothic genre is so arduous to define is that it is constantly evolving and so after being associated with freedom it began to be linked with dreams. The rigid hierarchy of the Victorian era meant that the only place you could explore true freedom was in your dreams. And so again the idea evolved once more to nightmares where you could explore the dark side of human nature. The Gothic novel first became popular in England during the late 1700s and the early 1800s. At the end of the eighteenth century, England found itself in the midst of a social upheaval and it was out of this that the gothic genre emerged. The Gothic novel was invented almost single handledly by Horace Walpole, whose 1764 novel â€Å"The Castle of Otranto† contains essentially all the elements that constitute the genre. Walpole’s novel was imitated not only in the 18th century and not only in novel form but also in poetry, art and even later films. Poe’s, 1839, novel â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†, also possesses the innate features of the Gothic tale: a haunted house, dreary landscape, mysterious sickness and doubled personality (which will be discussed in a later paragraph). A mysterious family or past is a very popular theme throughout the Gothic genre and this is clearly evident in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†, where Poe likens the house to the genetic family line of the Usher family, which he refers to as the house of Usher. In the novel the building is described as â€Å"neglected†¦crumbling†¦old†¦discoloured1† which refers not only to the mansion itself but is a potent metaphor for the Usher family itself. Furthermore in â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray† we see that Dorian’s past is exactly this. His typical Gothic family history includes duels to the death, suicide, young brides and romantic marriages. This also shows the obvious link between the Romantic Movement and the Gothic. One could say that the Gothic genre is Romanticism gone wrong. For example they both have castles but in the Gothic the castles tend to be derelict or haunted and, damsels in distress are seen in both genres as well. Throughout the Victorian era women were thought of as always being virtuous even though the expected behaviour of a husband was the complete opposite. The Gothic genre was an escape from reality and so in the genre emerged the controversial use of women not as pure, chaste people but as monsters and seductresses. Such examples of this could be the tragic death of Dorian Gray’s lover, Sibyl Vain: â€Å"she had swallowed something†¦some dreadful thing they use at theatres†¦either prussic acid or white lead†¦2† The girl’s death is typically gothic through the sheer horrifying nature of the death, swallowing acid, and highlights the waste of tangible life. In addition the women at the opium den is primal gothic, where she asks James Vain: â€Å"why didn’t you kill him [Dorian Gray]3†, which is a horrific question in itself. It is said that she: â€Å"hissed out† these words, which is a potent onomatopoeia, as if she is a snake; a typically frightening and monstrous creature to some. Also her face is described as â€Å"haggard4†, and is perhaps used by Wilde as if to liken her to a witch, only adds to the gothic aura. When James Vain looks back: â€Å"the women had vanished5†, making the women seem in a way, supernatural, another crucial theme in a gothic piece of literature. This was very effective to the Victoria audience as it was totally out of the normal and something that many would never dream of seeing. Furthermore writers in the Victorian era used many contempory issues as a basis of their works in order to bring the horror more to life. In Robert Louis Stevenson’s â€Å"Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde†, the horrific murder of Sir Carew was linked to the similar murders by the infamous Jack the Ripper. This theme is very common, and recurrent in many gothic art forms. In Francis Ford Coppola’s, 1992 film, â€Å"Bram Stoker’s Dracula† Lucy after being bitten by Dracula, starts to become mysteriously sick and evil. Soon after there is a scene where she is about to feed on a baby, demonstrating how the damsel in distress has became evil. Women in Dracula are made into characters to fear rather than the embodiment of purity and goodness. Damsels in distress are also in Poe’s story where Roderick’s sister, Madeline is entombed before she has actually died. This idea is evident in â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray† as well, where the damsel is Sibyl Vane who dies early on in the novel however one could also say that Basil, the artist who painted the portrait, is the damsel in distress too. The Gothic genre allowed you to escape from reality, to explore freedom elsewhere and in â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray† Dorian tries to find a freedom that takes him away from his reality and his ever-growing sins. The opium dens offer him this release from his memory which are depicted â€Å"like a horrible malady, [that] was eating his soul away6†. This is proven by the fact that Dorian Gray flees to one of these dens, after murdering Basil Hallward; to presumably forget about the awfulness of his actions by losing conciseness in a drug induced languor. The dens located in the most derelict sites of London, maybe represent the squalid state of Dorian Gray’s mind and the actual dens described with words as: â€Å"tattered†¦dulled†¦distorted†¦greasy†¦ochre-coloured saw dust†¦spilt liquor7†, perhaps reflect his mortification of his soul. Drugs seem to give a new tempry freedom for Dorian to experience. Drugs seem to give a freedom which is what the Gothic represents in its entirety. One of the elements of the Gothic is the horrific and this is very vividly brought to life in â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray† where Sible Vane kills herself with prussic acid and also when Alan Campbell graphically destroys Basil Hallward body in Dorian’s attic which is almost like Mary Shelley’s Gothic novel, â€Å"Frankenstein† reversed. The main idea of a Gothic novel was the frightening and so in Wilde’s novel this is used frequently. The use of far off lands terrifying to the Victorian audience, is a key effect, and one relating to the original idea of the Gothic, although the Victorian Gothic novel found little need for ruins, rugged landscapes and derelict castles, the new landscape was the city as a source for menace and the dark. For example on Dorian’s way to the opium dens one day Wilde describes the route with prime Gothic vocabulary: â€Å"dimly-lit streets, past gaunt black-shadowed archways and evil-looking houses†¦ grotesque children†¦monstrous apes8.† For the upper classes reading the book, would never have been to the dark east end of London so they were left feeling as though they were in some desolate wild place. Another effect Wilde utilizes to scare the audience is how he likens inanimate objects to living things such as when he describes shadows as if they were alive. For example the way that Wilde likens shadows to living things: â€Å"†¦fantastic shadows were silhouetted against some lamp-lit blind†¦ they moved like monstrous marionettes, and made gestures like living things9.† Wilde is also able to make shadows frightening, by personifying the darkness: â€Å"the evening darkened in the room. Noiselessly, and with silver feet, the shadows crept in from the garden. The colours faded wearily out of things10†. From these extracts Wilde creates a typical Gothic mood that is dark and scary. There are some sections of Wilde’s book that seem as though they are describing certain Gothic works of art namely Henry Fusel’s, 1781, â€Å"The Nightmare† where he exploits all the original Gothic traits into a painting showing a women lying on a bed with a grotesque creature on her chest. Also it has many shadows and an ere horse in the background. The picture has all the elements that make the Gothic genre: dark setting, full of shadows, odd creatures, a damsel in distress and the unnatural. The Gothic theme is also represented in the painting, â€Å"The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters† by Goya, 1799. They both have in the paintings a person sleeping and Gothic images around them suggesting that they are in the persons’ dreams. Double personalities, or doppelganger is used a lot among Gothic writers and is demonstrated in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†, with Roderick and Madeline, the mansion and the genetic Usher family and this element occurs also in â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray† with Dorian. In the novel the double personality is Dorian and his painting, Dorian representing the physical and the painting representing the â€Å"inside† or the soul of Dorian. However the theme is much more widely spread and is in other Gothic works such as Robert Louis Stevenson’s â€Å"Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde†. As in â€Å"Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde† where one character, transforms in to another, when Dorian Gray has the idea to kill Basil Hallward, his urge is described in the book as: â€Å"the mad passions of a hunted animal [that] stirred within him11†. This particularly animalistic description, perhaps serves to highlight the gothic genre even more by making a comparison between animals, that are not restricted in society to act in a certain way, and are thus free to act as they please. By stark contrast, Dorian Gray as a human is restricted to act in a certain way, that is considered morally correct. His act of killing, in human society is considered as a sin. The supernatural is key in increasing the horror of a gothic novel, such as the fact that Dracula does not have reflection in the mirror. In addition when Harker describes how Dracula left the castle: â€Å"†¦I saw the whole man slowly emerge from the window and began to crawl down the castle wall†¦12† from this extract we can see that Dracula is a supernatural character as his actions are unexplainable. However the supernatural theme running through the book, reaches a dramatic zenith with Dorian’s end. His fatal error is absolutely supernatural with the description of the unrecognisable wrinkly old man where there had recently been a vibrant youth adding to both the awful moral and supernatural effect of the novel. Above all the most gothic and supernatural thing in the book is the portrait of Dorian Gray himself. The painting acts as a guidance to Dorian and almost becomes a moral barometer. After murdering Basil Hallward, the portrait reveals the sin by changing. The portrait is described as a canvas that had: â€Å"sweated blood13†, a blood that is expressed as a: â€Å"loathsome red dew that gleamed14†. Dorian grows increasingly uncomfortable over the course of novel with what the disfigured portrait signifies about himself. And as the novel progresses and the painting continues to register the effects of time and dissipation, and we start to see the degree to which Dorian is undone by the sins that his portrait reflects and the degree to which he suffers for allowing the painting to act as a â€Å"Visible emblem of conscience†. This in itself is a very gothic idea living a life without consequences and letting the portrait bear the sins and this is exactly what Dorian did until his sins caught up with him. The Victorian era was very difficult to live in because of its rigid structured social hierarchy that allowed no â€Å"impurities† or non ethnical or righteous ideas. However the Gothic genre allowed you to do all these things and to explore irrational fantasies and social taboos. This is probably why Wilde liked the genre because being a homosexual he could not explore his own freedom in his own life but instead he possibly explored this through the homoerotic theme of novel. He managed to escape and explore another freedom through the gothic genre. â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray† is not an entire gothic novel but a fair amount is and I think that with the gothic sections Wilde has successfully created a primo piece of Gothic literature. 1 The Picture of Dorian Gray, By Oscar Wilde, Published by Penguin.