Failing School Systems Are Students to Blame Essay

The United States educational system is failing. This topic is in the news repeatedly. Failing schools are a problem that must fixed. However, it cannot be fixed until we figure out its real cause. Many people put the blame on the government, school officials, and teachers. Critics such as Geoffrey Canada, the founder of the Harlem Children’s Zone, say that the problem lies within the public schools. He states, â€Å"Public schools are bad, privately managed charter schools are good† (Ravitch 1). This may be a true statement but there must also be an underlying cause for low school performance. Nobody ever thinks the students may have something to do with this problem. The students are the ones who are taking the tests, paying attention in†¦show more content†¦He had bad grades, and according to his teachers an unwillingness to learn. However, soon after a wealthy Caucasian family took him in. As soon as he began to get the love and support that he needed, he b egan to transform into the teenager that he knew he could always be. His grades, attitude, and abilities improved. On top of that, he became one of the star football players on his high school team. This goes to show that a little love and support can take a person a long way. There are various reasons why a student cannot succeed or perform to their full potential. Some reasons they have control over such as the amount of effort put into school and homework. Many students do not want to put in the necessary effort needed to succeed in school. They may not have the willingness to learn. This could be because they do not have the focus for school. Even if they have the focus, some choose not come or participate in class. This can be because students feel like it is not cool to join into class discussions. The students need to be willing to complete all their homework in a timely fashion and turn it in. They must also study and be able to take all tests given. If the students take the responsibility to do these things, they can have a chance to succeed despite other problems. Financial limitations can put a significant strain on a student’s achievement. These financial limitations can come from the government.Show MoreRelated‚Äà ²Discuss How Far Sociologists Would Agree That Teenage Criminal and Deviant Behaviour Results from Parents Failing to Socialise Their Children Correctly‚Äà ´977 Words   |  4 Pagesâ €˜Discuss how far sociologists would agree that teenage criminal and deviant behaviour results from parents failing to socialise their children correctly’ In this essay I will be discussing how far sociologists would agree that teenage criminal and deviant behaviour results from parents failing to socialise their children correctly. Teenage criminal and deviant behaviour is when teenagers (13-19 yr olds) participate in activities which breach the law and are involved in activities which are seenRead MoreThe New York City Department Of Education992 Words   |  4 PagesDepartment of Education (DOE) serves 1.1 million students across schools (â€Å"About Us†). During the Bloomberg administration more than 140 schools were closed with no indication that the â€Å"administration’s closure policy improved outcomes for students in the city’s struggling schools† (â€Å"Standardized Testing Is Counterproductive, Corrosive and Corrupting†). Several studies have detailed the damage and disruption the city’s closure policy had on struggling schools in high-need populations with significant academicRead M oreAnalysis Of The Movie Waiting For Superman 935 Words   |  4 Pagespublic schools primarily located in inner-city areas. The documentary provided criticism towards educational reforms and the process of seeking alternative private or institutionalized education (i.e. charter schools). The film showcased the testimonies of five students and their desires to escape the failing public schools in the area. Waiting for Superman is metaphorically titled to suggest that a false sense of hope is given to students. It is understood by the families and students in theRead MoreMy School Essay817 Words   |  4 PagesWe all know School is one of the biggest and most important parts of our lives, but is it really that important? We meet new people and learn what we what to do in life, the big question I have is â€Å"Does it actually do what we think†. Everyday I walk home, it’s a short walk, only around a mile, but afterwards I’m tired from both my walk and school. I’m always hoping I have no homework and no chores, but that’s never the case for me. No matter how much homework I get I have at least 2 big choresRead MoreCauses Of Students Dropping Out Of High School Across The Country1160 Words   |  5 PagesTerm Paper Final Copy 11/21/14 Student Drop Out There are many numerous causes of students dropping out of high school across the country. However, there are three causes that are most prevalent in students across the globe. One cause is having a lack of parental involvement and participation in a child’s life. The atmosphere in homes and neighborhood play a role in kids dropping out of school. Teacher qualification in teaching is a third reason. High School dropout rates have declined a significantRead MoreHigh School Dropout Essay1354 Words   |  6 Pagesgraduation rates among high school students have increased, but there is still a huge underlying problem in the U.S. with high school drop outs. There have been many half brained reasons for these students dropping out and many people believe the reason for these drop outs is the students faults themselves. But as I know as a student and as a student who has graduated, it is not only the students fault. There are many outside factors and influences that lead to the s tudents dropping out. The term â€Å"dropRead MoreEducation And The International Pisa Exam1597 Words   |  7 Pages American students fall behind the rest of the developed world in the subjects of reading, math, and science within schools (Ripley, 2013). In assessing our inability to do as well as the top countries on the international PISA exam, people have tried to place the blame on a specific area and try to fix that one area in hopes of radically altering the results. Some want to argue that it is bad schools which form bad neighborhoods due to the school’s inability to produce strong students (ChilcottRead MoreFailing The Children Of Success1507 Words   |  7 PagesFailing Our Children to Success Imagine a world where doctors are not able to understand medical terminology or lawyers who have difficulty reading laws and being unable to interpret them correctly. Think of a society where mechanics cannot pronounce the name of a part they are replacing and pharmacists that cannot formulate dosages correctly. While this may seem absurd, this is the current trend of students that our educational system is producing in the United States. In the early years of theRead MoreHigh School Students Should Not Be A Student s Fault1012 Words   |  5 Pages High school graduation rates vary among different cultural backgrounds, and college enrollment tends to have similar results. When we think of high school graduation rates, we do not think of the issues. We often think of the failure of high school to be a student’s fault. For example, a person would say, â€Å"That student is lazy and didn’t want to do their work.† Although this could be one problem, another issue is the school system failing to provide coursework for a student based off of their needsRead MoreCity Schools And The American Dream : Reclaiming The Promise Of Public Education898 Words   |  4 Pageswhich exist in our nation’s education system in his book, City Schools and the American Dream: Reclaiming the Promise of Public Education. Noguera describes what he views to be the main problems facing urban education and suggests strategies for improvement. From years of experience as a teacher and school board member, he reflects on what he be lieves to be the real problems. Noguera blames the school’s failures on students, parents, and teachers which leads to blame local government officials or policymakers

Examples Of Educational Programs - 1109 Words

GOOD IDEAS: ï‚ ¾ Educational programming: †¢ Nutrition †¢ Personal finance †¢ Dermatology: Skin cancer and the effects of the sun and tanning †¢ Car maintenance: Information about tires and oil changes, driving tips for snowy conditions, etc. †¢ Safety tips: Self-defense, how to stay safe during spring break, etc. †¢ Police: Alcohol, drugs, fake IDs, rights, etc. †¢ Insurance: Life, home, and auto insurance †¢ Financial planning: 401(k)s, mutual funds, investing money, etc. †¢ Environmental awareness †¢ Stress management †¢ Safe sex and sexually transmitted diseases †¢ Gender identity †¢ Risk prevention and liability †¢ Etiquette †¢ Dance: Ballroom, line dancing, etc. †¢ Body and soul: Aromatherapy, aerobics, yoga, etc. ï‚ ¾ Greek program nights: Plan with†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Human timeline: Give each person an important event in Kappa’s history and have everyone get in order by event date. †¢ Kappa feud: Learn the Founders, famous Kappas, and Kappa facts by playing a game of Family Feud. ï‚ ¾ Founders Day: †¢ Have a party for the Founders. †¢ Do an AE-style interview of the six Founders. †¢ Write fun facts on placemats or plates. †¢ Lay out old composites. †¢ Organize speakers from each decade to talk about their Kappa experiences. †¢ Dress from a previous decade for a â€Å"come-as-you-were† theme. ï‚ ¾ Senior activity and recognition: †¢ Senior speaks: Allow each senior to give a short, three-to-five-minute talk about a topic of her choice, (e.g., words of wisdom, things she wishes she knew earlier, a poem, organizations she’s been involved in, etc.). †¢ Senior of the week/senior spotlight: Each senior chooses her favorite dinner and music and she is highlighted during a chapter meeting. †¢ Senior cookbook: Write to the parents of each senior to ask for their daughter’s favorite recipe. Compile them into a book and present it to the seniors. †¢ Senior w ills: Have seniors give away their fun items and crazy clothing. †¢ Senior superlatives: Recognize seniors with awards such as â€Å"most likely to open her own company,† â€Å"most likely to be the President of the Fraternity,† etc. †¢ Kappa konnection: Educate seniors about the programs that could help them find Kappas when moving to new places. †¢ Sapphire sister: Pair seniors with alumnae toShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Educational Programs1117 Words   |  5 PagesGOOD IDEAS: ï‚ ¾ Educational programming: †¢ Nutrition †¢ Personal finance †¢ Dermatology: Skin cancer and the effects of the sun and tanning †¢ Car maintenance: Information about tires and oil changes, driving tips for snowy conditions, etc. †¢ Safety tips: Self-defense, how to stay safe during spring break, etc. †¢ Police: Alcohol, drugs, fake IDs, rights, etc. †¢ Insurance: Life, home, and auto insurance †¢ Financial planning: 401(k)s, mutual funds, investing money, etc. †¢ Environmental awareness †¢ StressRead MoreExamples Of Educational Facilities And Programs1283 Words   |  6 PagesEducational Facilities Programs The education system in the city of McAllen is rich. Many students reside to a near by school. The McAllen Independent School Districts holds 47 public schools serving 28,221 students (Private School Review, 2017.). The publics high schools in Mcallen offer dual enrollment which are college level classes that high school students take for free. With the number of children increasing each school year, they have started to offer after school programs. The ACE programRead MoreQuality Individualized Educational Programs Essay examples1264 Words   |  6 PagesThe educational system in the United States has not always provided comparable education to students with disabilities. Not until 1975, when congress passed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act in 1975, were public school systems were required to provide â€Å"free and appropriate† education to children with disabilities. This law is currently referred to as Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA). These laws provide a legal precedence to ensure students with disabilitiesRead MoreMy Home Congregation Of Beautiful Savior954 Words   |  4 Pageswhich was an interesting challenge. Having grown up in the church as the son of a DCE (now a pastor) there, I was already pretty familiar with the educational opportunities provided, but it was interesting to take a much deeper look at it and evaluate the shortcomings as well. The Dirt on Learning offered a strong basis for the critique of educational ministry from the perspective of the parable of the sower, making parallels with how it relates directly to education. Beautiful Savior is a uniqueRead MoreThe Objectives Of Instruction Layout1412 Words   |  6 PagesEducational goals The objectives of instruction layout how individuals ought to carry on and what changes is the scholastic framework anticipated that would make in the lives of various people on graduation. The objectives of training might be sorted into various classifications of desires. Levels of educational purposes The essential level incorporate the longings of the overall population. What changes does the overall population foresee from the graduated individuals with respect to administrativeRead More Technology in Education Essay985 Words   |  4 Pagesusually has either a desk top or lap top computer, sometimes both, for keeping track of important information. Technology has, in many ways, positively impacted the educational field. Michigan has made using technology a necessity. With help from the Freedom to Learn Program, improvements in classroom technology, and special programs used to assist educators, teachers become familiar with the new technology. Recently, a press release from the MichiganVirtualUniversity stated, â€Å"The DepartmentRead MoreEarly Intervention : The Child At A Year Age854 Words   |  4 PagesAfter dealing, with their personal feelings about the many issues that will have to be addressed. The parents have to develop a plan of action for their child that should involve early intervention, understanding educational programs/ services offered in their community, and transitional programs that will help prepare the child for life. Not to mention, â€Å"Parents acquired more information, their concerns decreased, their satisfaction increased, and they demonstrated an ability to transfer their learningRead MoreThe Models That Can Help With Revenue Amongst Schools869 Words   |  4 PagesThe article talked about the models that can help with revenue amongst schools. Budget planning is important while implementing programs in educational settings. For example the article talks about how different departments i n colleges such as the math department have to even out with revenue. Also, it talked about Return Investment Analysis which focuses on the connection between instructors and students on an income level. Therefore, I would use this information in my workplace because I alwaysRead MoreTechnology : Technology And Education1702 Words   |  7 Pagesincorporated into the educational system. Heidi Hayes Jacobs, an author and world renowned education leader stated that, â€Å"Teachers need to integrate technology seamlessly into the curriculum instead of viewing it as an add-on, an afterthought, or an event†. Technology should help enhance the educational system and be responsible for academic enhancement. Technology can help with education, by online classes that allows the student to see the work outside of the classroom, there are online programs that helpsRead MoreWhat Is The Merit-Based Incentive Payment System1056 Words   |  5 Pagesreimbursements. The new MIPS program w as just implemented into our healthcare system this past year. In fact, several healthcare facilities are left confused and unaware on how exactly to meet the standards of the new quality-reporting program. Therefore, there is a major need for an educational program within our facility at Gastroenterology Associates, Inc., in order for the confusion to subside and to allow confidence to take over. Implementing an educational program designed around MIPS would

Rhetorical Analysis of Speeches in to Kill a Mockingbird,...

We should study spoken language as it is truly unique and we can see the effect and beauty of spoken language in works of great orators and writers. Spoken language is truly an art, which involves many techniques to perfect and master it. One of the techniques is rhetoric. Rhetoric is the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing. The ancient Greeks first developed public speaking. Under Roman, influence public speaking developed further. This was heavily under the influence of Cicero and Aristotle. The speeches I have chosen to study are the closing speech of Atticus Fitch in the novel to â€Å"Kill a Mockingbird† and the â€Å"Battle of Falkirk† by William Wallace in the movie â€Å"Brave heart.† Atticus’s speech occurs in a courtroom in†¦show more content†¦This is done in order to engender pity and sympathy towards Tom Robinson in the courtroom and thus motivate the jury to return an innocent verdict. Atticus uses a combination of convincing and logical evidence, but is also very passionate as he is not doing this as a â€Å"lip† service. He was doing this, as he could not live with himself if he did not do his best to defend Tom Robinson despite the chances of winning the court case. The use of emotive language and well-reasoned arguments makes the case more persuasive and plausible. Atticus is rather astute in showing compassion for Mayella, this shows honesty and integrity in his character therefore the jury is more inclined to believe him over the witnesses. Atticus makes a direct plea to the jury but he does this on a personal level. Atticus pauses to create more impact as it is dramatically effective as it focuses our attention to the truth. Atticus throws the burden of blame on Mayella making her culpable of the crime that happened and not his client. He uses repetition to emphasise his case and evidence. Atticus’s tone becomes increasing aggressive and uncomp romising however, he remains courteous and dignified throughout. Atticus highlights to the jury the sheer arrogance of the witnesses of the state who believed their word would not be questioned over a black man. Atticus shouted â€Å"TEMERITY† as he had become so frustrated. This is the only point in the speech where

Through the Adlerian Lens Oprah Winfrey - 1006 Words

Through an Adlerian Lens: Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey is a world-renowned businesswoman and entertainer. She first entered the entertainment industry when she was 19 years old by co-anchoring at her local news station. She kept working upwards by hosting radio shows, hosting her own cable television shows, acting in movies, publishing books and magazines, and launching the Oprah Winfrey Network and Harpo Productions (American Academy of Achievement, 2011). Winfrey is also well known for her philanthropy. She donates a lot of money and time to charitable causes and has even had a school built for girls in Africa. She was not born into this lifestyle. Winfrey made a name for herself through hard work, motivation, and dedication. Oprah†¦show more content†¦Alfred Adler believed that â€Å"people with a socially useful style of life represent the highest form of humanity in the evolutionary process and are likely to populate the world of the future† (Feist Feist, 2009, p. 79). Birth Order Adler’s theory of birth order can also be used to explain Winfrey’s personality development. Winfrey was the first born of her parents, who were unmarried teenagers. Her father was not aware that he had a daughter for some time after she was born. Although she had siblings, she was more or less raised as an only child. She was not raised with her first sister because her mother could not handle taking care of both, and she was unaware that she had a second sister who was put up for adoption while she was living with her father. She also had a younger brother who she was not around often because she ran away at the age of 13 and was then sent to live with her father once again. For these reasons, I think that Oprah Winfrey would best fit the only child description instead of the oldest child. According to Adler, the only child possesses certain personality traits, such as being â€Å"socially mature, having exaggerated feelings of superiority, low feelings o f cooperation, an inflated sense of self, and a pampered style of life† (Feist Feist, 2009, p. 86). On the other hand, Winfrey does possess certain personality traits of

The Effect of Rmb Internationalization Free Essays

Effects on China Advantages : Enterprises in China Enterprises in China may benefit a lot from the internationalization of Renmibi. First of all, the cost of currency exchange can be saved and the risk of exchange rate of using of other currencies can be reduced, if Renminbi become a trade settlement. Also, RMB as an investment currency, if foreign assets increased demand of it ,China can reduce the interest rates of RMB assets, thereby reducing their financing costs, and further, companies can go overseas to issue RMB-denominated bonds, thereby expanding the scope of financing and address the problem of currency mismatch. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Rmb Internationalization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, Domestic firms can use the RMB to invest abroad, to achieve Chinese enterprises â€Å"going out† strategy, integrating into the global economy. People’s Republic of China China may have quite a lot of advantages from it too. First, it may enhance the international status of China through internationalization of Renminbi by increasing China’s voice in the international community and the influence of China in international economy, as the internationalization of its currency may promote the expansion of China’s financial service sector. Also, China may collect ‘ seigniorage’from the rest of world, which ‘ seigniorage’ defined as the margin between the denomination of the notes and the cost of issuing the notes obtained by the note issuer, if RMB get commodity pricing, which can use it to buy the worldwide resources and avoid U. S. dollar liquidity constraints, that leads to expansion of seigniorage revenue. More, China has accumulated foreign exchange reserves to ease the pressure, reduce the risk of reserve assets shrink, reducing the dependence of other countries (mainly U. S. ). China’s foreign exchange reserves, mostly are U. S. overnment bonds, which makes China and U. S. in a delicate state. After global financial crisis , the Chinese foreign exchange reserves shrink every moments, but China is not found in other better investment options, holding dollar debt is the best choice for China at this moment. Financial organizations The financial organization may also take advantages through RMB internationalization. First, the import and export trade companies for RMB provide clearing services and financing for foreign importers to provide support to the RMB business so as to expand the scope of commercial banks and to increase the profits of commercial banks. Furthermore, The existence of economies of scope to improve the competitiveness of financial institutions, and the increased use of offshore yuan to improve market liquidity, more importantly, the central bank can protect the lender of last resort to provide liquidity for financial institutions to protect, Chinese financial institutions to reduce foreign exchange liquidity risk, which together with the economies of scope to improve the overseas Chinese financial institutions to conduct renminbi business competitiveness. Also, RMB overseas demand also contributed to the innovation of financial instruments and the development of renminbi derivatives market. Last nut not the least, it may benefit from increasing the influence of China’s financial markets, and promote international financial center , like Shanghai, as well as an offshore financial center, Hong Kong, the development of renminbi, the Chinese financial markets and further integrate into the international financial markets. Disadvantages PRC government The PRC government , however, still has to face some challenges in order to achieve RMB internationalization. First of all, as China’s capital markets are still too shallow, any significant changes in cross-border capital flows may easily lead to large fluctuations in China’s asset prices. Overseas demand challenges the RMB of China’s monetary policy , while people who holds the RMB assets may cause the increase of cross-border capital flows and exchange rate fluctuations, and thus affects the stability of China’s financial system. Also, if a currency is fully internationalized, which means that it can easily be obtained in international financial markets, the country with an internationalized currency will be very vulnerable to speculative attacks from international speculators. More, â€Å"hot money† will enter China causing economic crisis. As Hot money will lead to economic crisis in China’s property market and the stock market, as investors consider more to invest their money in high-return business. Like Guangzhou Tang Hang Metal Materials Co. , Ltd. eferred payment for imported goods in China so as to profit from the appreciation of the renminbi. Experts said that China’s foreign exchange regulations, the RMB settlement may make this form of arbitrage is more profitable, because the company can enjoy a more favorable foreign exchange rate. According to the monetary policy report from the central bank( page 16), China was trying to fix the problem of hot money. ‘ â€Å" † , 2010 ? 11 ,2011 ? 3 , ?2011 ’ From Second quarter of the monetary policy report from People’s bank of China Last but not the least, it is more difficult for China to control the inflation rate. China’s battle to curb inflation even more difficult, because People Bank of China must print more RMB to buy dollars flowing into the country. China has more than 6% inflation. And Beijing want to precisely control the level to curb the appreciation of the yuan revaluation, but the internationalization of the RMB has given tremendous upward pressure. Brookings Institution China scholar Prasad (Eswar Prasad) said that the management and increase appreciation of the RMB yuan in international trade and financial transactions of the importance, both in the short term this is a contradiction. According to the monetary policy report from the central bank, (page 1 ), there is still pressure in controlling the amount of RMB. ‘ , , 5 ,M2 M1 4. 6 8. 5 6 , ,M2 M1 0. 8 0. 4 , †¦.. ’ From Second quarter of the monetary policy report from People’s bank of China How to cite The Effect of Rmb Internationalization, Papers

Ebenezer Scrooge Analysis free essay sample

At the beginning of A Christmas Carol, abundant evidence is provided to support the conclusion that Ebenezer Scrooge is the protagonist of Dickens tale, who doesnt want to spend any more money than is absolutely essential, and who begrudges spending for what is necessary. A grasping, covetous, flinty old pinchpenny With his pointed nose, shrivelled cheeks, and stiff gait, he is repulsive to all his acquaintances. In his novella, Dickens portrays Scrooge with words that are equally as familiar as his name â€Å"Bah Humbug! . Scrooges character is shaped by the conditioning he experienced as a young child, as our characters as humans always are. He has been suffering psychologically for years from the abuse of neglect he received as a child when he was left alone during Christmas. However, another conflict manifests itself on that Christmas Eve when the do-gooders stop by to ask Scrooge for a donation for charity by mentioning Marleys name which triggers Scrooges memory of friendship, love and benevolence. We will write a custom essay sample on Ebenezer Scrooge Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He sent them off by a gruffly reply It is not my business. Its enough for a man to understand his own business, and not interfere with other peoples. Mine occupies me constantly. Good afternoon, gentlemen! Finally, the day draws to its close and Scrooge must release his clerk, Bob Cratchit, but not before he grumpily says, you dont think me ill-used when I pay a days wages for no work as he must allow the man a holiday on Christmas. Ordering the man to Be here all the earlier the next day, Scrooge reluctantly lets the man go home. Clearly, Ebenezer Scrooge is a misanthrope who shares no warmth with any man. As he dismisses his nephew, Scrooge declares, If I could work my will, every idiot who goes about with Merry Christmas on his lips, should be boiled with his own pudding and buried with a stake of holly through his heart. He should! The conflict intensifies when Marleys spirit arrives at his own home to warn Scrooge of his demise if he does not heed his warning and accept the three ghosts. Scrooges conflict here is in accepting this revelation, for at first he doesnt believe that Marley is real, for he thinks that Marley is an undigested bit of beef; a blot of mustard, a crumb of cheese, a fragment of an underdone potato. In other words, Scrooge is trying to convince himself that he is suffering from indigestion. Scrooges encounter with the Ghost of Christmas Past reveals Scrooges Christmas past and in accepting what happened to him back then, he begins to give in to the good in his soul, for when he sees himself as a very young boy all alone at this boarding school and his break up with his fiance Belle due to this love for money, he sheds a tear which symbolizes the return of warmth and sympathy in Scrooges cold heart; the ice around his heart is melting, and Scrooge is beginning to resurrect. For when he meets the Ghost of Christmas Present, he has to face the realities of the life that he has created for the Cratchit family, and the wages that Scrooge has been paying Bob are very pitiful that he cannot afford proper medical attention for his son, Tiny Tim. Seeing this causes Scrooge to become even more compassionate. By witnessing the Cratchits, this has had a tremendous effect on his character. Following the visit from the final spirit, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, Scrooge desperately wished to make amends for the sins of his life. When he awoke on Christmas morning and found that the bedpost was his own and the Time before him was his own, Scrooge recognized that he still had another chance to transform himself. His heart was no longer heavy from the fear that things cannot change; instead, he laughed and cried from the joy of the knowledge that his fate was not foresworn: His happiness had made him youthful againas light as a feather.

Delegation In International Organizations - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Delegation In International Organizations? Answer Introducation The Australian contract law principles are influenced by the Englands law of contracts; the regulations in both laws have many similarities. There are several essential elements requiring for a contract to legally binding upon parties, without whom a contract become void ab initio. Following are such essential elements: Agreement: According to Appleman, Appleman, and Holmes (2016), the first and foremost requirement of a contract is that there must be an agreement between the parties of the contract. In an agreement, an offer is made by a party for performance or non-performance of the certain activities and such offer must be accepted by another party without any change in its conditions. The person making an offer is called Offeror and the person who accepts such offer is called Offeree. The offer must contain certain actions that must be performed or not performed by the offeree. The condition of the offer must remain same as provided by the offeror, any change in the conditions will lead to dismissal of the agreement. The acceptance of offeree must be collected without any force or threat. Consideration: Consideration means anything given in the lieu of a promise made under an agreement. According to Treitel (2003), a consideration is required in every agreement without which an agreement cannot come into existence. The consideration for an agreement must be legal as well since illegal consideration makes an agreement void ab initio. In case of a contract, generally, the consideration is money or anything which have a monetary value. The worth of consideration must be certain; a consideration without certain value cannot make a contract legally binding upon the parties. Capability: While entering into a legal contract, it is necessary that all the parties of a contract must be capable of entering into a legal contract. Carter, Harland, and Lindgren (1996) provided in their book that the capability of parties include few things such as both the parties must be at legal age for the contract, a minor cannot enter into a legal contract. The parties to the contract must have sound mind meaning they can ascertain what is right and wrong for them. A person without proper mental ability cannot enter into a legal contract because the person must be able to understand the conditions of a contract. Another requirement is that the person must be solvent. A person who is declared insolvent by the court cannot enter into a legal contract. Intention: The mindset or thinking of the parties of a legal contract must match while establishing a contract. As per Carter and Peden (2003), both the parties of a contract must have a similar and clear intention regarding the conditions of a contract. The intention of parties must be free from any threat or force, meaning the intention of parties must be acquired legally and with their consent. Certainty: Another essential requirement of a legal contract is that the condition provided in a contract must be certain. As per the research of Atiyah (1990), flexible or changeable conditions cannot form a legal contract. The conditions must only be changed with the approval of both the parties to a contract. A contracts legal status is based on fulfillment of several conditions such as one party must make an offer for performance or non-performance of a certain task and another party must accept such offer without any changes in the terms. Lando and Beale (2000) provided that the parties of the contract must be legally capable of entering into a legal contract, meaning both parties must be major, solvent and sound minded. There must be a legal monetary consideration available in the contract. The intention of parties while entering into a contract must match and the conditions fixed by the parties must be certain. The parties of a contract can decide its format according to their preference meaning it can either be oral or written. A legal contract is enforceable by the court whether it is in oral form or written form. According to Solan (2001), it is difficult for the parties to an oral contract to enforce its terms because of the lack of evidence available to prove its conditions. It is easier for the parties to an oral contract to disagree with the terms of contract since the other person cannot show evidence to the court. An argument can happen between the parties of contract for determining the terms of it. The court also faces difficulty while ascertaining the conditions because, without a witness of the contract, there is no evidence available for its existence. In case it has been a long time since the oral contract took place, it can be difficult for the parties to contract to remember its terms. As per Zink (2013), one party can state any false term or denies performing his duties under oral contract since there is no evidence available to enforce it by the court. This is the primary drawback of an oral contract between two parties, although the court did not discriminate between oral or written contract, it is still difficult for the parties to implement the terms of a contract. The condition of a written contract cannot be changed by the parties without the acceptance of another party. The terms of a written agreement do not require any evidence to prove their worth. The vagueness of condition can be avoided by parties if they enter into a written contract. Even after a long period, the written condition of a contract cannot be altered and it avoids and vagueness of the terms. According to Joughin (1998), by entering into a written contract, a party can ensure that other parties perform his duties. The conflict between parties of contract can be avoided if the contract is in written form. It is easier for courts to enforce the condition of contract since there is no conflict between parties. In case of day-to-day business activities, a written contract is significantly better than oral contract since it ensures the proper implementation of duties. A formal contract is formed with the implementation of particular guidelines, which ensure its legal enforcement. The formal contract is formed with a particular format which is providing by the law. The law defines the writing style and structure of a formal contract and it is necessary that all such guidelines are meeting accordingly. A consideration is not an essential requirement in a formal contract. There are two types of formal contract: Contract of record: In this contract, the intention of the party is not required for its legal The court has right to implement a formal contract without the acceptance of any of the parties. The intention is an essential requirement in a legal contract but in case of a contract of record, the intention of parties is not required. The example of the court of record is decree or judgement provided by the court. According to Lui (2009), the legal judgement of the court is enforceable upon parties even without their approval. Summons issued by the court is also an example of a contract of record. Summon can force a party to show up at court to perform a certain task on the order of the court. Contract by Deed or Contract under Seal: These contracts are written in a particular format which is issued by the law. They also required signature and attestation of a witness who is not the party of such contract. As per Ryall and Sampson (2009), the contract of the seal must be attested by the witness with a seal, the seal of witness authenticate the terms of such contract. The lease agreement for houses is an example of contract by deed. Skyrms (2014) provided that while enforcing a legal contract, the intention of both the party must be similar for implementing with the terms of the contract, therefore, the agreement conducted at social places cannot be enforced by the court since both parties did not have any intention of enforcing it legally. In a particular case, the parties provided a consideration for the purchase of lottery ticket which proves the intention of parties. The element of a legal contract is fulfilled by the parties since there is the availability of offer, acceptance, consideration, capability, and intention. The parties can legally force the term of such contract and divide the prize in between the parties (Bohnet, Frey and Huck, 2001). In various other cases, a similar judgment has been issued by the court. In a similar case, three friends decided to buy a lottery ticket but one friend buys the ticket with the intention that others will pay him back later. After winning the lottery prize, other friends have right to enforce the contract even when no consideration was given by them because the intention to pay money was available. The court gives an order of dividing the lottery prize between friends since it fulfills the requirement of a legal contract (Simpkins, 1995) (McKendrick 2014). From the above interpretations, it can be provided that similar principles can apply in the given case as well. The decision of friends to buy a lottery ticket together is constituted a legally binding contract. The money provided by friends determined as consideration by the court. The friend who won the prize is liable to divide such money in between all friends equally (Friend 2004). According to the book of Barker, Cane, Lunney, and Trindade (2012), the law of torts provide provisions regarding the vicarious liability in various relationships. In case of the relationship between principal and agent, the provision of vicarious legality applies since the actions of the agent is controlled by his principal. The liabilities of agents actions can be applied to his principal. The relationship of employer and independent contracts is completely opposite than agent and principal relationship (Giliker 2010). The Independent Contractors Act, 2006 provide the provisions regarding the duties and responsibilities of an independent contractor, in Australia. The principle of Fair Work Act, 2009 defend the rights of an independent contractor in Australia. As per legal provisions of given acts, the legal status of an agent is completely different from an independent contractor. The legal contract performed by an independent contractor and his employer defines the scope of their relationship (Australia 2009). In case of agent and principal relationship, the contract of service defines their association. The agent binds himself to the services of his principal and the activities of the agent are fully controlled by the principal. The provisions of the contract of service differentiate the independent contractor with an agent. According to Milner (2006), the principal is liable for the agents actions since they are controlled by them, but in case of an independent contractor, the employer cannot be liable for his actions since he is not under his control. The employer can select the work of independent contractor but the method of performance is decided by the contractor himself. In case of an agent, the principal provides both the work and its performance method. The provision of vicarious liability does not apply to the employer and independent contractor relationship. An independent contractor can work for the different employer at the same time and those employers cannot be held liable for the negligence of contractor. The agent performs his actions on the behalf of his principal which makes the principal liable for his actions. The servant and the master relationship is a good example of agent and principal relationship, the servant performs all his activities according to his master. Therefore, the master is liable for servants negligent actions (Stewart and Stuhmcke 2009). References Appleman, J.A., Appleman, J. and Holmes, E.M., 2016.Contract Concerns: Reinsurance Contract Formation, Validity, And Judicial Construction(Vol. 14). Appleman on Insurance Law and Practice. Atiyah, P.S., 1990.Essays on contract. Oxford University Press. Australia, F. W. (2009). Fair Work Act 2009. Barker, K., Cane, P., Lunney, M. and Trindade, F., 2012.The law of torts in Australia. Oxford University Press. Carter, J.W. and Peden, E., 2003. Good Faith in Australian Contract Law.Journal of Contract Law,19, p.155. Carter, J.W., Harland, D.J. and Lindgren, K.E., 1996.Contract law in Australia. MICHIE. Friend, C., 2004. Social contract theory. Giliker, P., 2010.Vicarious liability in tort: a comparative perspective(Vol. 69). Cambridge University Press. Joughin, G., 1998. Dimensions of oral assessment.Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education,23(4), pp.367-378. Lando, O. and Beale, H.G. eds., 2000.Principles of European contract law: Parts I and II. Kluwer Law International. McKendrick, E., 2014.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Milner, H. V. (2006). Why multilateralism? Foreign aid and domestic principal-agent problems.Delegation and agency in international organizations,107. Skyrms, B., 2014.Evolution of the social contract. Cambridge University Press. Solan, L. M. (2001). The written contract as safe harbor for dishonest conduct.Chi.-Kent L. Rev.,77, 87. Stewart, P.E. and Stuhmcke, A.G., 2009.Australian principles of tort law. The Federation Press. Treitel, G.H., 2003.The law of contract. Sweet and maxwell. Zink, T. J. (2013). Written vs. Oral Contracts: Why You Should Get It In Writing. Omni Law Group. Retrieved from https://www.omnilawgroup.com/blog/written-vs-oral-contracts-why-you-should-get-it-in-writing/